ArticleChinese medicine2022
Investigating the mechanism of Xian-ling-lian-xia-fang for inhibiting vasculogenic mimicry in triple negative breast cancer via blocking VEGF/MMPs pathway.
Article in Chinese medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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11 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Crosstalk Between Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Anoikis Resistance: A New Perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicine to Prevent Tumor Metastasis.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Emerging strategies for targeting vasculogenic mimicry in breast cancer treatment.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- The Interaction Between Vasculogenic Mimicry and the Immune System: Mechanistic Insights and Dual Exploration in Cancer Therapy.Cell proliferation · 2025Review
- Remodeling the tumor microenvironment: regulatory effects of β-sitosterol and luteolin on the immunosuppressive milieu in endometrial carcinoma and implications for combinatorial immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Breaking the bottlenecks in anti-tumor angiogenic therapy: targeting vasculogenic mimicry with natural products and traditional Chinese medicine.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- [Myeloid-derived suppressor cells as important factors and potential targets for breast cancer progression].Zhejiang da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Zhejiang University. Medical sciences · 2024Review
- Traditional Chinese medicine for breast cancer treatment: a bibliometric and visualization analysis.Pharmaceutical biology · 2024Review
- Xianling Lianxia formula improves the efficacy of trastuzumab by enhancing NK cell-mediated ADCC in HER2-positive BC.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2024Article
- Article
- Unveiling the Mechanism of the ChaiShao Shugan Formula Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Dietary Polyphenols through Inhibitory Activity against Metalloproteinases.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundXian-ling-lian-xia-fang (XLLXF), a Chinese medicine decoction, is widely used in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the underlying mechanism of XLLXF in TNBC treatment has not been totally elucidated.
methodsHere, network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to explore the mechanism of Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of TNBC. Then, biological experiments were integrated to verify the results of network pharmacology.
resultsNetwork pharmacology showed that the candidate active ingredients mainly included quercetin, kaempferol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol through the "XLLXF-active ingredients-targets" network. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 were the potential therapeutic targets obtained through the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Molecular docking confirmed that quercetin, kaempferol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol could stably combine with VEGFA and MMP2. Experimental verification showed that XLLXF could inhibit proliferation, colony ability, and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) formation and promote cell apoptosis in TNBC. Laser confocal microscopy found that XLLXF impaired F-actin cytoskeleton organization and inhibited epithelial mesenchymal transition. Animal experiments also found that XLLXF could inhibit tumor growth and VM formation in TNBC xenograft model. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining showed that XLLXF inhibited the protein expression of VEGFA, MMP2, MMP9, Vimentin, VE-cadherin, and Twist1 and increased that of E-cadherin, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and TIMP-3 in vitro and in vivo.
conclusionsIntegrating the analysis of network pharmacology and experimental validation revealed that XLLXF could inhibit VM formation via downregulating the VEGF/MMPs signaling pathway.
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