ArticleInternational journal of women's health2022
Menstrual Symptoms After COVID-19 Vaccine: A Cross-Sectional Investigation in the MENA Region.
Article in International journal of women's health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Menstrual disorders following COVID-19 vaccination: a review using a systematic search.Frontiers in drug safety and regulation · 2024Pooled it
- Axes of social inequities in COVID-19 clinical trials: A systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of COVID-19 vaccination on the menstrual cycle.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Endocrine system after 2 years of COVID-19 vaccines: A narrative review of the literature.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Factors affecting menstrual cycle changes following COVID-19 vaccination in Korean women of reproductive age: an exploratory correlational study.Women's health nursing (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Article
- Menstrual Disorders Following Covid 19 Vaccination in Women of Reproductive Age and Post-Menopause. A Systematic Review.Health science reports · 2025Review
- Impact of COVID-19 Vaccination on Menstrual Irregularities, Bleeding Patterns, and Cycle Duration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Health science reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Relation Between COVID-19 Infection and Vaccine and Menstrual Cycle Changes of Portuguese Adolescents in Higher Education.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The biological and psychological impact of the Coronavirus disease-19 pandemic on the characteristics of the menstrual cycle.Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association · 2024Article
- Is Covid-19 "vaccine uptake" in postsecondary education a "problem"? A critical policy inquiry.Health (London, England : 1997) · 2024Article
- Article
- The prevalence of menstrual changes in COVID-19 vaccinated women: A cross-sectional study.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Association between COVID-19 vaccination and menstruation: a state of the science review.BMJ sexual & reproductive health · 2024Review
- The direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccination on human ovarian granulosa cells explains menstrual irregularities.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Menstrual Cycle Disturbances after COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of fertility & sterility · 2024Article
- Anti-COVID-19 Vaccination Alters the Menstrual Cycle and Dose Accumulation Enhances the Effect.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- Abnormal uterine bleeding diagnoses and care following COVID-19 vaccination.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2024Article
- Association between receiving Covid-19 vaccine and menstrual cycle patterns among childbearing women: A cross-sectional study.Health science reports · 2024Article
- The Evaluation of Menstrual Alterations in Mexican Women After Vaccination Against COVID-19.Cureus · 2024Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Since the emergence of COVID-19 vaccinations, many women around the world are reporting abnormalities in their menstrual periods post-vaccination. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and impact of menstrual abnormalities after the COVID-19 vaccine among females residing within the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Methods: The study utilized a cross-sectional online self-administered survey from July 2021 to August 2021 targeting females living in the MENA region above the age of menarche who had received vaccine and were not pregnant or lactating, and do not have a history of primary ovarian insufficiency, hypothalamic menopause, or have undergone a hysterectomy. The survey was distributed regionally via social media. Results: A total of 2269 females were included in our study, with a mean age of 34.3 ± 8.5 years. About 66.3% of participants reported menstrual symptoms post-vaccination, of which 46.7% experienced them after their first dose. However, in 93.6% of participants, the symptoms resolved within 2 months. Vaccine type did not significantly influence the incidence of abnormalities (p > 0.05). Participants who had confirmed previous COVID-19 infection had a very similar percentage of menstrual abnormalities compared to people who did not have COVID-19 infection or symptoms suspected of COVID-19 infection and did not test (67.5%, 66.8%, respectively); nevertheless, those who had experienced the COVID-19 vaccine general side effects had significantly more abnormalities (p < 0.001). Compared to their pandemic status, females reported significantly more abnormalities post-vaccination. Conclusion: The study showed a possible link between the COVID-19 vaccine and menstrual abnormalities that have impacted their quality of life.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.