ArticlePLoS genetics2022
Reassembling a cannon in the DNA defense arsenal: Genetics of StySA, a BREX phage exclusion system in Salmonella lab strains.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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16 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prophage-encoding engineered bacteria enable prophylactic lytic phage therapy for enteric infection in mice.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Multiple forms of protein-protein and DNA binding are exhibited by BrxC from the BREX phage restriction system.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Competing forms of protein-protein association and DNA binding exhibited by BrxC from the BREX phage restriction system.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Expanding the landscape of BREX diversity: uncovering multi-layered functional frameworks and identification of novel BREX-related defense systems.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Biology of host-dependent restriction-modification in prokaryotes.EcoSal Plus · 2025Review
- Modified DNA substrate selectivity by GmrSD-family Type IV restriction enzyme BrxU.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Construction of primary chassis cells with efficient protein expression in Thermus thermophilus.Microbial cell factories · 2025Article
- PglZ from Type I BREX phage defence systems is a metal-dependent nuclease that forms a sub-complex with BrxB.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Visual Detection ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Molecular basis of foreign DNA recognition by BREX anti-phage immunity system.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The vibriophage-encoded inhibitor OrbA abrogates BREX-mediated defense through the ATPase BrxC.Journal of bacteriology · 2024Article
- Structure and rational engineering of the PglX methyltransferase and specificity factor for BREX phage defence.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Mutations in the C-terminal region of the bacteriophage exclusion protein PglX can selectively inactivate restriction inJournal of bacteriology · 2023Article
- Diverse Durham collection phages demonstrate complex BREX defense responses.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Structure, substrate binding and activity of a unique AAA+ protein: the BrxL phage restriction factor.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- Crystal structure of the BREX phage defence protein BrxA.Current research in structural biology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms that shape horizontal exchange in prokaryotes is a key problem in biology. A major limit on DNA entry is imposed by restriction-modification (RM) processes that depend on the pattern of DNA modification at host-specified sites. In classical RM, endonucleolytic DNA cleavage follows detection of unprotected sites on entering DNA. Recent investigation has uncovered BREX (BacteRiophage EXclusion) systems. These RM-like activities employ host protection by DNA modification, but immediate replication arrest occurs without evident of nuclease action on unmodified phage DNA. Here we show that the historical stySA RM locus of Salmonella enterica sv Typhimurium is a variant BREX system. A laboratory strain disabled for both the restriction and methylation activity of StySA nevertheless has wild type sequence in pglX, the modification gene homolog. Instead, flanking genes pglZ and brxC each carry multiple mutations (μ) in their C-terminal domains. We further investigate this system in situ, replacing the mutated pglZμ and brxCμ genes with the WT counterpart. PglZ-WT supports methylation in the presence of either BrxCμ or BrxC-WT but not in the presence of a deletion/insertion allele, ΔbrxC::cat. Restriction requires both BrxC-WT and PglZ-WT, implicating the BrxC C-terminus specifically in restriction activity. These results suggests that while BrxC, PglZ and PglX are principal components of the BREX modification activity, BrxL is required for restriction only. Furthermore, we show that a partial disruption of brxL disrupts transcription globally.
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