ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2022
Biodiversity effects of food system sustainability actions from farm to fork.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Health and Environmental Impacts, Safety, and Affordability of the EAT-Lancet Planetary Health Diet: A Multidisciplinary Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2026Pooled it
- Measuring land use impacts of national dietary guidelines: a scoping review of methods, trade-offs and policy implications.Environmental research. Food systems · 2026Review
- Circling the sandwich: measuring food waste and its drivers in UK prepared sandwich manufacture.NPJ science of food · 2026Article
- Young adults in eastern Germany know dandelion and sparrows but few farmland species.Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine · 2026Article
- Narrowing farmland biodiversity knowledge gaps with Digital Agriculture.NPJ sustainable agriculture · 2026Review
- Pathway narratives towards a nature-positive European Union land system: operationalising the Nature Futures Framework for policy objectives.Sustainability science · 2026Article
- Review
- 3D bioprinting of plant and animal cell-based hybrid food.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Food matters: Dietary shifts increase the feasibility of 1.5°C pathways in line with the Paris Agreement.Science advances · 2024Article
- Diversity of plant DNA in stool is linked to dietary quality, age, and household income.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Assessing Sustainability Priorities of U.S. Food Hub Managers: Results from a National Survey.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Mapping potential conflicts between global agriculture and terrestrial conservation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Assessment of the Environmental Impacts of a Localized Food System and Food Waste Reduction in a Water-Scarce Region Using Diet Optimization Models.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Environmental Impact of Two Plant-Based, Isocaloric and Isoproteic Diets: The Vegan Diet vs. the Mediterranean Diet.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Pearls before Swine: Plant-Derived Wastes to Produce Low-Cholesterol Meat from Farmed Pigs-A Bibliometric Analysis Combined to Meta-Analytic Studies.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Can Agri-Food Waste Be a Sustainable Alternative in Aquaculture? A Bibliometric and Meta-Analytic Study on Growth Performance, Innate Immune System, and Antioxidant Defenses.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Diet for a small footprint.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Diet shifts and food waste reduction have the potential to reduce the land and biodiversity footprint of the food system. In this study, we estimated the amount of land used to produce food consumed in the United States and the number of species threatened with extinction as a result of that land use. We predicted potential changes to the biodiversity threat under scenarios of food waste reduction and shifts to recommended healthy and sustainable diets. Domestically produced beef and dairy, which require vast land areas, and imported fruit, which has an intense impact on biodiversity per unit land, have especially high biodiversity footprints. Adopting the Planetary Health diet or the US Department of Agriculture (USDA)–recommended vegetarian diet nationwide would reduce the biodiversity footprint of food consumption. However, increases in the consumption of foods grown in global biodiversity hotspots both inside and outside the United States, especially fruits and vegetables, would partially offset the reduction. In contrast, the USDA-recommended US-style and Mediterranean-style diets would increase the biodiversity threat due to increased consumption of dairy and farmed fish. Simply halving food waste would benefit global biodiversity more than half as much as all Americans simultaneously shifting to a sustainable diet. Combining food waste reduction with the adoption of a sustainable diet could reduce the biodiversity footprint of US food consumption by roughly half. Species facing extinction because of unsustainable food consumption practices could be rescued by reducing agriculture's footprint; diet shifts and food waste reduction can help us get there.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.