ArticleHealth affairs (Project Hope)2022
Unequal Housing Conditions And Code Enforcement Contribute To Asthma Disparities In Boston, Massachusetts.
Article in Health affairs (Project Hope), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neighborhood Variation in Childhood Asthma Emergency Department Visit Rates in Austin, Texas, Is Associated with Tenant-Reported Housing Conditions.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- The 4Cs of Housing: Resident Perspectives on Cost, Conditions, Consistency, and Context in a Public Housing Neighborhood.Housing policy debate · 2026Article
- Mitigating Home Environmental Asthma Triggers in Subsidized Housing: Experiences of Caregivers and Healthcare Workers.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Precision risk assessment for pediatric hospitalization using address-level data in Cincinnati, Ohio.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- The role of housing markets in producing respiratory health disparities.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Review
- Tenant Reports of In-Home Asthma Triggers and Adult Emergency Department Use.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Article
- Integrating geospatial data with birth cohorts to explore social determinants of health and asthma.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Review
- Historical Redlining and Community-Reported Housing Quality: A Spatial Analysis.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2025Article
- Association between governmental spending on social services and health care use among low-income older adults.Health affairs scholar · 2025Article
- A Shift in Approach to Addressing Public Health Inequities and the Effect of Societal Structural and Systemic Drivers on Social Determinants of Health.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974) · 2024Article
- Policy-induced air pollution health disparities: Statistical and data science considerations.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Review
- Substandard housing and the risk of COVID-19 infection and disease severity: A retrospective cohort study.SSM - population health · 2024Article
- Mapping emergency department asthma visits to identify poor-quality housing in New Haven, CT, USA: a retrospective cohort study.The Lancet. Public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Housing quality is a primary determinant of asthma disparities by race and social class in the US. We sought to assess how housing code enforcement systems in Boston, Massachusetts, address tenants' reports of asthma triggers. After adjustment for income and other neighborhood characteristics, racial demographics were significantly associated with asthma trigger incidence. For each 10 percent decrease in neighborhood proportion of White residents, trigger incidence increased by 3.14 reports per thousand residents. These disparities persisted during the study period (from 2011 through 2021), and for mold, which is an established asthma trigger, regressions showed that racial disparities are widening. The municipal response also demonstrated disparities: In neighborhoods with the fewest White residents compared to neighborhoods with the most White residents, adjusted models showed a 17 percent (3.51 days) slower median time until cases (tenant requests for inspections to the Inspectional Services Department) were closed, a 14 percent higher probability of being flagged as overdue, and a 54.4 percent lower probability of a repair. We found evidence that in Boston, despite several healthy housing initiatives, current regulatory systems are insufficient to address disparities in access to healthy housing. To reduce disparities in asthma burden, stronger inspectional standards and further enforcement policies to increase landlords' accountability and support tenants' rights to have repairs made are essential.
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