ArticleJMIR public health and surveillance2022
Factors Associated With COVID-19 Death in the United States: Cohort Study.
Article in JMIR public health and surveillance, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Risk of COVID-19 death for people with a pre-existing cancer diagnosis prior to COVID-19-vaccination: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Risk factors for mortality among lung cancer patients with covid-19 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Public health surveillance: characterizing the Covid 19 pandemic in the Monze district, Zambia.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in COVID-19 Disease Severity Among US Adults in Health Systems Participating in PCORnet®: May 2020-October 2022.Medical care · 2026Article
- mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Against Severe Outcomes Among Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19 from May 2021 to January 2023.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Clinical Outcomes of Hospitalized Immunocompromised Patients With COVID-19 and the Impact of Hyperinflammation: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Comorbidity patterns associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes: A cohort study based on the UK Biobank.PloS one · 2025Article
- Health diagnosis associated with COVID-19 death in the United States: A retrospective cohort study using electronic health records.PloS one · 2025Article
- Protective Effect of Allergen Immunotherapy in Patients With Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Against COVID-19 Infection: Observational, Nationwide, and Multicenter Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Observational
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding COVID-19 among chronic disease patients: A global perspective.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Relevance of comorbidities for main outcomes during different periods of the COVID-19 pandemic.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic and clinical risk factors associated with moderate intensity physical activity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Epidemiological features of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection under new control strategy: a cross-sectional study of the outbreak since December 2022 in Sichuan, China.BMC public health · 2023Observational
- Review
- Shedding of infectious SARS-CoV-2 despite vaccination.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSince the initial COVID-19 cases were identified in the United States in February 2020, the United States has experienced a high incidence of the disease. Understanding the risk factors for severe outcomes identifies the most vulnerable populations and helps in decision-making.
objectiveThis study aims to assess the factors associated with COVID-19-related deaths from a large, national, individual-level data set.
methodsA cohort study was conducted using data from the Optum de-identified COVID-19 electronic health record (EHR) data set; 1,271,033 adult participants were observed from February 1, 2020, to August 31, 2020, until their deaths due to COVID-19, deaths due to other reasons, or the end of the study. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to evaluate the risks for each patient characteristic.
resultsA total of 1,271,033 participants (age: mean 52.6, SD 17.9 years; male: 507,574/1,271,033, 39.93%) were included in the study, and 3315 (0.26%) deaths were attributed to COVID-19. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death included older age (80 vs 50-59 years old: hazard ratio [HR] 13.28, 95% CI 11.46-15.39), male sex (HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.57-1.80), obesity (BMI 40 vs <30 kg/m
conclusionsThis is one of the largest national cohort studies in the United States; we identified several patient characteristics associated with COVID-19-related deaths, and the results can serve as the basis for policy making. The study also offered directions for future studies, including the effect of other socioeconomic factors on the increased risk for minority groups.
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