ArticleAnnals of medicine2022
Shock index and modified shock index are predictors of long-term mortality not only in STEMI but also in NSTEMI patients.
Article in Annals of medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Independent and Incremental Prognostic Value of the Endothelial Activation and Stress Index Beyond the GRACE Score for Predicting 1-Year Mortality in Patients with Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- A machine learning model for early risk stratification of 28-day mortality after myocardial infarction.European heart journal. Digital health · 2026Article
- Shock index and modified shock index at discharge as predictors of long-term mortality after myocardial infarction: results from the Augsburg Myocardial Infarction Registry.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026Article
- Admission Shock Index Is an Independent Predictor of In-Hospital All-Cause Mortality in Patients With Acute Aortic Dissection and Intramural Hematoma.Clinical cardiology · 2026Article
- Frequencies and Trends of Myocardial Infarction Symptoms From the Years 1985-2019: A Register-based, Real-world Analysis.CJC open · 2025Article
- Age shock index and age-modified shock index are valuable bedside prognostic tools for postdischarge mortality in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients.Annals of medicine · 2024Article
- Shock and modified shock indices in predicting poisoning severity and outcomes in acute aluminum phosphide poisoned patients.Toxicology research · 2024Article
- Long-term prognostic importance of high levels of sST2 in patient with AMI: a meta-analysis.American journal of translational research · 2024Review
- [Relationship between the systolic-diastolic shock index and mortality in myocardial infarction].Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social · 2023Observational
- Clinical Validation of the Shock Index, Modified Shock Index, Delta Shock Index, and Shock Index-C for Emergency Department ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundShock index (SI) and modified shock index (mSI) are useful instruments for early risk stratification in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. They are strong predictors for short-term mortality. Nevertheless, the association between SI or mSI and long-term mortality in AMI patients has not yet been sufficiently examined. MATERIAL AND
methodsFor this study, a total of 10,174 patients with AMI was included. All cases were prospectively recorded by the population-based Augsburg Myocardial Infarction Registry from 2000 until 2017. Endpoint was all-cause mortality with a median observational time of 6.5 years [IQR: 3.5-7.4]. Using ROC analysis and calculating Youden-Index, the sample was dichotomized into a low and a high SI and mSI group, respectively. Moreover, multivariable adjusted COX regression models were calculated. All analyses were performed for the total sample as well as for STEMI and NSTEMI cases separately.
resultsOptimal cut-off values were 0.580 for SI and 0.852 for mSI (total sample). AUC values were 0.6382 (95% CI: 0.6223-0.6549) for SI and 0.6552 (95% CI: 0.6397-0.6713) for mSI. Fully adjusted COX regression models revealed significantly higher long-term mortality for patients with high SI and high mSI compared to patients with low indices (high SI HR: 1.42 [1.32-1.52], high mSI HR: 1.46 [1.36-1.57]). Furthermore, the predictive ability was slightly better for mSI compared to SI and more reliable in NSTEMI cases compared to STEMI cases (for SI and mSI).
conclusionHigh SI and mSI are useful tools for early risk stratification including long-term outcome especially in NSTEMI cases, which can help physicians to make decision on therapy. NSTEMI patients with high SI and mSI might especially benefit from immediate invasive therapy.Key messagesShock index and modified shock index are predictors of long-term mortality after acute myocardial infarction.Both indices predict long-term mortality not only for STEMI cases, but even more so for NSTEMI cases.
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