ArticlePharmacoepidemiology and drug safety2022
Categorization of COVID-19 severity to determine mortality risk.
Article in Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effectiveness and safety of normoxic allogenic umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells administered as adjunctive treatment in patients with severe COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Contrasting effects of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination vs. infection on antibody and TCR repertoires.PloS one · 2026Article
- Viral Prognosis Using Proteomics.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Illustrating an Adaptive Prespecification Framework for Observational Research: Target Trial Emulations Comparing Immunomodulator Treatments for COVID-19.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Contrasting Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination vs. Infection on Antibody and TCR Repertoires.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
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- Longitudinal Immunoprofiling of the CD8Vaccines · 2025Article
- Increasing the Utility of Real-World Data to Inform Public Health Decision Making Through a US-based Private-Public Partnership: 10 Lessons Learned from a Principled Approach to Rapid Pandemic RWE Generation.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2025Article
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- Validation of Mortality Data Sources Compared to the National Death Index in the Healthcare Integrated Research Database.Pragmatic and observational research · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of qSOFA, PRIEST, PAINT, and ISARIC4C Scores in Predicting Severe COVID-19 Outcomes Among Patients Aged over 75 Years.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Immune Response Dynamics and Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
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- A Descriptive Cohort Study of Drug Utilization Patterns Among Patients Hospitalized With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the United States, January 2021-February 2022.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- A Comprehensive Survey on Pandemic Patient Monitoring System: Enabling Technologies, Opportunities, and Research Challenges.Wireless personal communications · 2023Review
- Relative Effectiveness of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination and Booster Dose Combinations Among 18.9 Million Vaccinated Adults During the Early Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Period-United States, 1 January 2022 to 31 March 2022.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Association of Remdesivir Treatment With Mortality Among Hospitalized Adults With COVID-19 in the United States.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Categorization of COVID-19 severity to determine mortality risk.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2022Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeAlgorithms for classification of inpatient COVID-19 severity are necessary for confounding control in studies using real-world data.
methodsUsing Healthverity chargemaster and claims data, we selected patients hospitalized with COVID-19 between April 2020 and February 2021, and classified them by severity at admission using an algorithm we developed based on respiratory support requirements (supplemental oxygen or non-invasive ventilation, O2/NIV, invasive mechanical ventilation, IMV, or NEITHER). To evaluate the utility of the algorithm, patients were followed from admission until death, discharge, or a 28-day maximum to report mortality risks and rates overall and by stratified by severity. Trends for heterogeneity in mortality risk and rate across severity classifications were evaluated using Cochran-Armitage and Logrank trend tests, respectively.
resultsAmong 118 117 patients, the algorithm categorized patients in increasing severity as NEITHER (36.7%), O2/NIV (54.3%), and IMV (9.0%). Associated mortality risk (and 95% CI) was 11.8% (11.6-12.0%) overall and increased with severity [3.4% (3.2-3.5%), 11.5% (11.3-11.8%), 47.3% (46.3-48.2%); p < 0.001]. Mortality rate per 1000 person-days (and 95% CI) was 15.1 (14.9-15.4) overall and increased with severity [5.7 (5.4-6.0), 14.5 (14.2-14.9), 32.7 (31.8-33.6); p < 0.001].
conclusionAs expected, we observed a positive association between the algorithm-defined severity on admission and 28-day mortality risk and rate. Although performance remains to be validated, this provides some assurance that this algorithm may be used for confounding control or stratification in treatment effect studies.
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