ArticleLanguages (Basel, Switzerland)2021
The Quest for Signals in Noise: Leveraging Experiential Variation to Identify Bilingual Phenotypes.
Article in Languages (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modulations of the P3b effect as a function of bilingual language experience.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Bilingualism in Context: A Bayesian Psychometric Network Analysis of Language and Culture Among U.S. Heritage Spanish-English Speakers of Latin American Descent.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Bilingual Narrative Development: Analyzing Sentences and Stories Within and Across Languages.The international journal of bilingualism : cross-disciplinary, cross-linguistic studies of language behavior · 2026Article
- Bilingual irony processing during natural reading: A within-participant look at L1 versus L2 effects using eye-movement measures.Memory & cognition · 2025Article
- Effects of Bilingualism on Executive Function of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Scoping Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Language diversity across home and work contexts differentially impacts age- and menopause-related declines in cognitive control in healthy females.Journal of experimental psychology. General · 2024Article
- Dual-Language Use and Cognitive Function Among Mexican Americans Aged 65 and Older.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Article
- The role of minority language bilingualism in spotting agreement attraction errors: Evidence from Italian varieties.PloS one · 2024Article
- Bilingual Language Experience and Its Effect on Conflict Adaptation in Reactive Inhibitory Control Tasks.Psychological science · 2023Article
- Language athletes: Dual-language code-switchers exhibit inhibitory control advantages.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Does race impact speech perception? An account of accented speech in two different multilingual locales.Cognitive research: principles and implications · 2022Article
- Modulation of Cross-Language Activation During Bilingual Auditory Word Recognition: Effects of Language Experience but Not Competing Background Noise.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Language Entropy Relates to Behavioral and Pupil Indices of Executive Control in Young Adult Bilinguals.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Individual and Sociolinguistic Differences in Language Background Predict Stroop Performance.Frontiers in communication · 2022Article
- Phasic pupillary responses reveal differential engagement of attentional control in bilingual spoken language processing.Scientific reports · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that bilingualism does not, in itself, result in a particular pattern of response, revealing instead a complex and multidimensional construct that is shaped by evolutionary and ecological sources of variability. Despite growing recognition of the need for a richer characterization of bilingual speakers and of the different contexts of language use, we understand relatively little about the boundary conditions of putative "bilingualism" effects. Here, we review recent findings that demonstrate how variability in the language experiences of bilingual speakers, and also in the ability of bilingual speakers to adapt to the distinct demands of different interactional contexts, impact interactions between language use, language processing, and cognitive control processes generally. Given these findings, our position is that systematic variation in bilingual language experience gives rise to a variety of phenotypes that have different patterns of associations across language processing and cognitive outcomes. The goal of this paper is thus to illustrate how focusing on systematic variation through the identification of bilingual phenotypes can provide crucial insights into a variety of performance patterns, in a manner that has implications for previous and future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.