Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35368486›Full record

ArticleIndian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine

Factors Associated with Out-of-Pocket Expenditure among Patients Admitted for Cataract Surgery under District Blindness Control Society Scheme: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Private Medical College Hospital of South India.

Rashmi Shambhu, Kibballi Madhukeshwar Akshaya, Anupama Bappal, Rashmi Jain, Vidya Hegde, H Pavithra

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Depression and Out-of-pocket Expenditure on Health Care Service Among Elderly with Chronic Diseases in Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu.Indian journal of community medicine : official publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Rashmi ShambhuDepartment of Ophthalmology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
Kibballi Madhukeshwar AkshayaDepartment of Community Medicine, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
Anupama BappalDepartment of Ophthalmology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
Rashmi JainDepartment of Ophthalmology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
Vidya HegdeDepartment of Ophthalmology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
H PavithraDepartment of Community Medicine, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India.
Yenepoya University · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The National Programme for Control of Blindness and Visual Impairment in India supports the management of various conditions of the eye including cataracts. Objective: The objective of this study is to estimate out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) and factors associated with it among patients admitted for cataract surgery under District Blindness Control Society (DBCS) scheme. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a Medical College Hospital of Coastal Karnataka, South India. Data were collected using a predesigned semi-structured interview schedule from 100 patients admitted for cataract surgery under DBCS scheme. Costs were reported as median values with interquartile range (IQR) and compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Median total cost incurred by the patient was INR 1700 (IQR 1052-2575). Median direct costs (1425, IQR 762.5-2200 INR) included medical expenditure (600, IQR 0-1475 INR), mainly contributed by the treatment of systemic comorbid conditions and nonmedical expenditure toward travel. Median indirect costs (400, IQR 200-600 INR) included loss of wages for the patient and the bystander. Conclusions: OOPE for cataract surgery among DBCS patients was associated with the presence of comorbidity, postponement of surgery, duration of hospital stay, and distance traveled by the patient.

Indexed as

Cataract surgerycomorbidityeconomic costhealth expenditureNational Program for Control of BlindnessOut-of-pocket expenditure

Identifiers

PMID35368486
PMCPMC8971877
OpenAlexW4226083876

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.