ArticleFrontiers in robotics and AI2022
Social Robots in Applied Settings: A Long-Term Study on Adaptive Robotic Tutors in Higher Education.
Article in Frontiers in robotics and AI, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Social robots: a meta-analysis of learning outcomes.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2025Pooled it
- A Multimodal Adaptive Framework for Social Interaction with the MiRo-E Robot.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- How adaptive social robots influence cognitive, emotional, and self-regulated learning.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The robot that stayed: understanding how children and families engage with a retired social robot.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2025Article
- Assessment of Pepper Robot's Speech Recognition System through the Lens of Machine Learning.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Social robots as skilled ignorant peers for supporting learning.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Learning in higher education scenarios requires self-directed learning and the challenging task of self-motivation while individual support is rare. The integration of social robots to support learners has already shown promise to benefit the learning process in this area. In this paper, we focus on the applicability of an adaptive robotic tutor in a university setting. To this end, we conducted a long-term field study implementing an adaptive robotic tutor to support students with exam preparation over three sessions during one semester. In a mixed design, we compared the effect of an adaptive tutor to a control condition across all learning sessions. With the aim to benefit not only motivation but also academic success and the learning experience in general, we draw from research in adaptive tutoring, social robots in education, as well as our own prior work in this field. Our results show that opting in for the robotic tutoring is beneficial for students. We found significant subjective knowledge gain and increases in intrinsic motivation regarding the content of the course in general. Finally, participation resulted in a significantly better exam grade compared to students not participating. However, the extended adaptivity of the robotic tutor in the experimental condition did not seem to enhance learning, as we found no significant differences compared to a non-adaptive version of the robot.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.