Observational studyThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2022
Long-term Safety of Growth Hormone in Adults With Growth Hormone Deficiency: Overview of 15 809 GH-Treated Patients.
Observational study in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Global trends in recombinant human growth hormone for the treatment of idiopathic short stature: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Cardiovascular Implications of the Enhanced Games: Performance Enhancing Drugs in Competition and Recreation.Sports medicine - open · 2026Review
- Cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes of GH replacement therapy in adults with GH deficiency - gender gaps.Pituitary · 2026Review
- Potential impacts of adult growth hormone deficiency: a population-based study in England.BMJ open · 2026Observational
- Growth Hormone, Not Simply Just a Hormone for Growth.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2026Review
- Children with craniopharyngioma resection had better response to recombinant human growth hormone therapy than those with idiopathic short stature.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Observational
- Positive influence of long-term growth hormone therapy on circulating stem cells in pediatric patients with growth hormone deficiency.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Hypopituitarism: genetic, developmental, and acquired etiologies with a focus on the emerging concept of autoimmune hypophysitis.Endocrine journal · 2025Review
- Growth Hormone Replacement in Craniopharyngioma: Analysis of the Hypopituitary Control and Complications Study (HypoCCS).Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025Article
- Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency (AGHD) and Outcomes (NordiNet and ANSWER).Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2025Article
- Prevalence and risk of complications in untreated patients with adult growth hormone deficiency.Pituitary · 2025Article
- Biomarkers of GH deficiency identified in untreated and GH-treated Pit-1 mutant mice.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Replacement with sex steroids in hypopituitary men and women: implications for gender differences in morbidities and mortality.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- Article
- The treatment of chronic anemia in heart failure: a global approach.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2024Review
- Special features on insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and vascular complications in hypopituitary patients.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2024Review
- An overview of growth hormone therapy in pediatric cases documented in the Kabi International Growth Study (Pfizer International Growth Database).Annals of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism · 2024Article
- Long-term Effectiveness and Safety of GH Replacement Therapy in Adults ≥60 Years: Data From NordiNet® IOS and ANSWER.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2023Article
- Long-Term Safety of Growth Hormone Deficiency Treatment in Cancer and Sellar Tumors Adult Survivors: Is There a Role of GH Therapy on the Neoplastic Risk?Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Is GH Replacement for Adult GH Deficiency Safe?The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextData on long-term safety of growth hormone (GH) replacement in adults with GH deficiency (GHD) are needed.
objectiveWe aimed to evaluate the safety of GH in the full KIMS (Pfizer International Metabolic Database) cohort.
methodsThe worldwide, observational KIMS study included adults and adolescents with confirmed GHD. Patients were treated with GH (Genotropin [somatropin]; Pfizer, NY) and followed through routine clinical practice. Adverse events (AEs) and clinical characteristics (eg, lipid profile, glucose) were collected.
resultsA cohort of 15 809 GH-treated patients were analyzed (mean follow-up of 5.3 years). AEs were reported in 51.2% of patients (treatment-related in 18.8%). Crude AE rate was higher in patients who were older, had GHD due to pituitary/hypothalamic tumors, or adult-onset GHD. AE rate analysis adjusted for age, gender, etiology, and follow-up time showed no correlation with GH dose. A total of 606 deaths (3.8%) were reported (146 by neoplasms, 71 by cardiac/vascular disorders, 48 by cerebrovascular disorders). Overall, de novo cancer incidence was comparable to that in the general population (standard incidence ratio 0.92; 95% CI, 0.83-1.01). De novo cancer risk was significantly lower in patients with idiopathic/congenital GHD (0.64; 0.43-0.91), but similar in those with pituitary/hypothalamic tumors or other etiologies versus the general population. Neither adult-onset nor childhood-onset GHD was associated with increased de novo cancer risks. Neutral effects were observed in lipids/fasting blood glucose levels.
conclusionThese final KIMS cohort data support the safety of long-term GH replacement in adults with GHD as prescribed in routine clinical practice.
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