ArticleJournal of affective disorders2022
The structure of the symptoms of major depression: Factor analysis of a lifetime worst episode of depressive symptoms in a large general population sample.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Isolating transdiagnostic effects reveals specific genetic profiles in psychiatric disorders.JCPP advances · 2026Article
- Network analysis of school refusal behavior and internalizing and externalizing problems among Chinese adolescents.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Symptom-specific genetics reveal heterogeneity within major depressive disorder.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Disentangling comorbidity: symptom dimensions of internalizing and functional disorders in a large general population sample.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Specificity of Polygenic Scores for Psychiatric Disorders Beyond Transdiagnostic Genetic Risk.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Construct Validity and Sensitivity to Change of the Klenico Depression Domain in Psychotherapeutic Inpatient Care: Instrument Validation Study.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Clinical heterogeneity in major depressive disorder underlies comorbidity with functional disorders.Journal of psychiatric research · 2025Article
- Polygenic Analyses Show Important Differences Between Major Depressive Disorder Symptoms Measured Using Various Instruments.Biological psychiatry · 2024Article
- A naturalistic study comparing the efficacy of unilateral and bilateral sequential theta burst stimulation in treating major depression - the U-B-D study protocol.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Genetic structure of major depression symptoms across clinical and community cohorts.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Polygenic analyses show important differences between MDD symptoms collected using PHQ9 and CIDI-SF.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA range of depressive symptoms may occur during an episode of major depression (MD). Do these symptoms describe a single disorder liability or different symptom dimensions? This study investigates the structure and clinical relevance of an expanded set of depressive symptoms in a large general population sample.
methodsWe studied 43,431 subjects from the Dutch Lifelines Cohort Study who participated in an online survey assessing the 9 symptom criteria of MD (DSM-IV-TR) and additional depressive symptoms during their worst lifetime episode of depressive symptoms lasting two weeks or more. Exploratory factor analyses were performed on expanded sets of 9, 14, and 24 depressive symptoms. The clinical relevance of the identified symptom dimensions was analyzed in confirmatory factor analyses including ten external validators.
resultsA single dimension adequately accounted for the covariation among the 9 DSM-criteria, but multiple dimensions were needed to describe the 14 and 24 depressive symptoms. Five dimensions described the structure underlying the 24 depressive symptoms. Three cognitive affective symptom dimensions were mainly associated with risk factors for MD. Two somatic dimensions -appetite/weight problems and sleep problems-were mainly associated with BMI and age, respectively. LIMITATIONS: Respondents of our online survey tended to be more often female, older, and more highly educated than non-respondents.
conclusionsDifferent symptom dimensions described the structure of depressive symptoms during a lifetime worst episode in a general population sample. These symptom dimensions resembled those reported in a large clinical sample of Han-Chinese women with recurrent MD, suggesting robustness of the syndrome of MD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.