Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35367106›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2022

Elective Deliveries and the Risk of Autism.

Ka-Yuet Liu, Julien O Teitler, Sivananda Rajananda, Valentina Chegwin, Peter S Bearman, Thomas Hegyi, Nancy E Reichman

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.6field-weighted citation impact, top 17% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Regional differences in autism and intellectual disability risk associated with cesarean section delivery.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2024
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Ka-Yuet LiuDepartment of Sociology, College of Social Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; California Center for Population Research, College of Social Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; RIKEN Center for Brain Science (CBS), Wako, Japan. Electronic address: kayuet.liu@riken.jp.
Julien O TeitlerSchool of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York.
Sivananda RajanandaCalifornia Center for Population Research, College of Social Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
Valentina ChegwinSchool of Social Work, Columbia University, New York, New York.
Peter S BearmanDepartment of Sociology, Columbia University in the City of New York, New York, New York.
Thomas HegyiDepartment of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
Nancy E ReichmanDepartment of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey; Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
Columbia University · USRutgers, The State University of New Jersey · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · US

Funding

New Jersey Alliance for Clinical Translational Science: NJ ACTSUL1TR003017 · NCATS · RUTGERS BIOMEDICAL/HEALTH SCIENCES-RBHS · PI PANETTIERI, REYNOLD ALEXANDER · 2019 to 2023
$28.9M
Statistics and Methods CoreR24HD041022 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI PEBLEY, ANNE R · 2001 to 2016
$10.1M
Scientific and Technical CoreP2CHD041022 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI Martha Jane Bailey · 2016 to 2026
$6.9M
Development CoreP2CHD058486 · NICHD · COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE · PI Jennifer S Hirsch, Julien O Teitler · 2014 to 2026
$4.3M
Obstetric Interventions, Neonatal Health, and Child DevelopmentR01HD090119 · NICHD · COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE · PI REICHMAN, NANCY E, TEITLER, JULIEN O · 2017 to 2020
$1.5M
Columbia Population Research CenterR24HD058486 · NICHD · COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE · PI GARFINKEL, IRWIN · 2009 to 2013
$1.1M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003017NICHD NIH HHS P2C HD041022NICHD NIH HHS P2C HD058486NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD090119NICHD NIH HHS R24 HD041022NICHD NIH HHS R24 HD058486
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionCesarean section and induced deliveries have increased substantially in the U.S., coinciding with increases in autism spectrum disorder. Studies have documented associations between cesarean section deliveries and autism spectrum disorder but have not comprehensively accounted for medical risks. This study evaluates the extent to which cesarean section and induced deliveries are associated with autism spectrum disorder in low-risk births.

methodsIn this retrospective cohort study, California's birth records (1992-2012) were linked to hospital discharge records to identify low-risk births using a stringent algorithm based on Joint Commission guidelines. Autism spectrum disorder status was based on California Department of Developmental Service data. Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between autism spectrum disorder and induced vaginal deliveries, cesarean section deliveries not following induction, and cesarean section deliveries following induction, with noninduced vaginal deliveries as the reference category.

resultsA total of 1,488,425 low-risk births took place in California from 1992 to 2012. The adjusted odds of autism spectrum disorder were 7% higher for induced vaginal deliveries (AOR=1.07, 95% CI=1.01, 1.14), 26% higher for cesarean section deliveries not following induction (AOR=1.26, 95% CI=1.19, 1.33), and 31% higher for cesarean section deliveries following induction (AOR=1.31, 95% CI=1.18, 1.45) than for noninduced vaginal deliveries. Lower gestational age and neonatal morbidities did not appear to be important underlying pathways. The associations were insensitive to alternative model specifications and across subpopulations. These results suggest that, in low-risk pregnancies, up to 10% of autism spectrum disorder cases are potentially preventable by avoiding cesarean section deliveries.

conclusionsAfter accounting for medical risks, elective deliveries-particularly cesarean section deliveries-were associated with a substantially increased risk of autism spectrum disorder.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderAutistic DisorderCesarean SectionDelivery, ObstetricFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornPregnancyRetrospective Studies

Identifiers

PMID35367106
PMCPMC9232972
OpenAlexW4220823081

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.