ReviewJournal of neurology2022
Environmental risk factors in multiple sclerosis: bridging Mendelian randomization and observational studies.
Review in Journal of neurology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical and Imaging Outcomes after Vitamin D Supplementation in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Aegle marmelos neuroprotective potential in demyelination rat model through modulation of BDNF, GDNF, HSP-90 and HSP-60.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Article
- Reproductive, Dietary, and Physical Activity Factors Associated With Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- The Role of MicroRNAs in Treg-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Narrative Review Focusing on Immune-Related Diseases.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- A Study on the Association of Ccrl2 Atypical Chemokine Receptor Polymorphism with the Disease Progression of Multiple Sclerosis in Turkish Patients: Insights From a Negative Study.Noro psikiyatri arsivi · 2026Article
- Immune-gut-metabolite Interactions in Multiple Sclerosis: A Mendelian Randomization and Mediation Study.Current neurovascular research · 2026Article
- A narrative review of genetic and environmental factors and risk for multiple sclerosis. The design of the Italian multicentric PEDIGREE study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Review
- Exploring the Causal Relationships Between Psychiatric Disorders and Diabetic Retinopathy: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Psychiatry and clinical psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Novel Animal Models for Multiple Sclerosis: R-Ras GTPases in Myelin Pathophysiology.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Associations Between Dietary Factors, Metabolic Factors, Sleep Disorders, Physical Activity, and the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis: A Univariable and Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- How do different cell populations orchestrate myelin regeneration?Biochemical Society transactions · 2025Review
- Post-genome-wide association study dissects genetic vulnerability and risk gene expression of Sjögren's disease for cardiovascular disease.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Exposome, oxidative stress and inflammation in persons with multiple sclerosis: the EXPOSITION study protocol.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- High-Fat Diet Exacerbates Neuroinflammation and Disease Severity in a Rat Model of Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of preventive medicine · 2025Article
- Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1: a potential therapeutic target for neurological disorders.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2024Review
- Risk of multiple sclerosis in individuals with infectious mononucleosis: a national population-based cohort study using hospital records in England, 2003-2023.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2024Article
- Patient level dataset to study the effect of COVID-19 in people with Multiple Sclerosis.Scientific data · 2024Article
- New diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in the setting of recent Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV) exposure: A series of clinical cases and updated review of the literature.Current journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Celiac Disease Is a Risk Factor for Mature T and NK Cell Lymphoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- 1,25(OH)International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease with both genetic variants and environmental factors involved in disease susceptibility. The main environmental risk factors associated with MS in observational studies include obesity, vitamin D deficiency, Epstein-Barr virus infection and smoking. As modifying these environmental and lifestyle factors may enable prevention, it is important to pinpoint causal links between these factors and MS. Leveraging genetics through the Mendelian randomization (MR) paradigm is an elegant way to inform prevention strategies in MS. In this review, we summarize MR studies regarding the impact of environmental factors on MS susceptibility, thereby paying attention to quality criteria which will aid readers in interpreting any MR studies. We draw parallels and differences with observational studies and randomized controlled trials and look forward to the challenges that such work presents going forward.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.