ArticleVeterinary clinical pathology2022
The effect of non-absorbent hydrophobic sand litter on the urine protein-to-creatinine ratio in feline urine.
Article in Veterinary clinical pathology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Exposure of urine of domestic cats to different substrates: impact on urine specific gravity.Journal of feline medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus): Reference range and the effect of age and sex.The Veterinary record · 2024Article
- The effect of non-absorbent hydrophobic sand litter on the urine protein-to-creatinine ratio in feline urine.Veterinary clinical pathology · 2022Article
- Comparison of cystocentesis versus home sampling to determine urinary protein: Creatinine ratio and urine specific gravity in cats.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
- Biological variation of urinary protein: Creatinine ratio and urine specific gravity in cats.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProteinuria can be quantified through the measurement of the urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPC). Voided urine samples in cats are often exposed to a non-absorbable litter substrate prior to collection and urinalysis. Little is known about the effect exposure to such substrates has on pre-analytical variability of UPC measurements.
objectivesThe aim of this study was to assess agreement between UPC measurements from urine obtained by cystocentesis before and after exposure to non-absorbent hydrophobic sand for 24 hours.
methodsUPCs were measured in 40 urine samples obtained by cystocentesis from 39 cats (baselineUPC). Urine was then exposed to non-absorbent hydrophobic sand litter for 24 hours, recovered, and repeat UPCs were measured (litterUPC). Agreement between paired measurements and the presence of any bias or error was evaluated using Bland-Altman analysis Passing-Bablok regression analysis, respectively. Cohen's kappa was used to measure agreement for the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) proteinuria classification of samples. Observed total error (TE
resultsNeither proportional nor constant error was identified using Passing-Bablok regression between baselineUPC and litterUPC. Visual inspection of the Bland-Altman plot revealed good agreement, with 95% of paired measures falling within the limits of agreement (LOA). Cohen's kappa demonstrated almost perfect agreement for the IRIS classification of proteinuria between baselineUPC and litterUPC. Absolute percentage changes of paired UPC measurements outside of the LOAs were lower than the inter-assay TE
conclusionsFeline urine exposed to non-absorbent hydrophobic sand litter appears acceptable for UPC measurements.
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Registered trials
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