Observational studyChild: care, health and development2023
Developmental referrals of pre-school children in a diverse community in England: The importance of parental migration for referral rates.
Observational study in Child: care, health and development, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Find your village: co-designing a community asset-based peer support intervention for wellbeing, social connectedness, and early child development among migrant families during the first 1001 days.Global health action · 2026Article
- A Scoping Review of the Intersectionality of Autism and Intellectual and Developmental Disability with Social Inequity on Diagnosis and Treatment of Youth.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Exploring knowledge of autism, its causes and treatment among immigrant and nonimmigrant parents in Somalia\Somaliland.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2024Article
- Developmental referrals of pre-school children in a diverse community in England: The importance of parental migration for referral rates.Child: care, health and development · 2023Observational
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChildren born to migrant parents have higher rates of language difficulties, intellectual disability and autism. This study explores the relationship between migration, ethnicity and reasons for early years referrals to community paediatrics in a diverse multi-cultural population in a city in south west England.
methodsObservational retrospective study from a community paediatric service serving a multi-cultural urban population from June 2012 to February 2016. We tested associations of ethnicity and parental birth origin with reason for referral (developmental or non-developmental) for children under 5 years old and estimated crude rate ratios for referrals using population census data.
resultsData were available for 514 children (52% white or mixed race, 16% Asian, 21% African diaspora, and 11.5% Somali); 53% had two UK-born parents while 22% had two migrant (non-UK-born) parents. Referrals were for developmental reasons in 307 (60%) including 86 for possible autism. Parental birth origin and ethnicity were associated with reason for referral (p < 0.001). Children from African diaspora, Asian or Somali backgrounds had more than twice the rate (rate ratio [RR] 2.37, 95% CI 1.88-2.99, p < 0.001) of developmental referrals compared with white or mixed-race children. Children of Somali or African diaspora ethnicity were, respectively, six-times (RR 5.99, 95% CI 3.24-10.8, p < 0.001) and four times (RR 4.23, 95% CI 2.44-7.29, p < 0.001) more likely to be referred for possible autism spectrum than their white or mixed-race peers. Developmental referral as a proportion of all referrals was twice as high among children with one migrant parent (20.4%) and three times as high among children with two migrant parents (29.5%), compared with children whose parents were both UK-born (10.7%).
conclusionsThis study supports the importance of ethnicity and parental migration as factors in young children experiencing developmental difficulties, especially concerns about social communication or autism.
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