ArticleRMD open2022
Effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on DMARDs: as determined by antibody and T cell responses.
Article in RMD open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis and COVID-19 at the Intersection of Immunology and Infectious Diseases: A Related PRISMA Systematic Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Characterization of Genetic Landscape and Novel Inflammatory Biomarkers in Patients With Adult-Onset Still's Disease.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Effectiveness and Safety of the COVID-19 Vaccine in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Real-World Setting.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Outcomes of COVID-19 Omicron variant in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a nationwide Greek cohort study.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Outcomes of COVID-19 Omicron variant in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a nationwide Greek cohort study.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Impact of Immunomodulatory Therapy on COVID-19 Vaccine Response in Patients with Autoimmune Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Determination of the factors associated with antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell responses to BNT162b2 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.RMD open · 2024Article
- COVID-19 Vaccination and Immunosuppressive Therapy in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Article
- Diminished responses to mRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis on immune-modifying therapies.JCI insight · 2023Article
- Article
- Persistence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and anti-Omicron IgG induced by BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease: an explanatory study in Japan.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2023Article
- Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections and prediction of moderate-to-severe outcomes during rituximab therapy in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases in the UK: a single-centre cohort study.The Lancet. Rheumatology · 2023Article
- Differential cellular and humoral immune responses in immunocompromised individuals following multiple SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- TNF inhibitors significantly attenuate the humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2023Article
- Time Course of Antispike Antibody Titer after Administration of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis on Methotrexate.Case reports in rheumatology · 2023Article
- Glucocorticoid use as a cause of non-cellular immune response to SARS-Cov2 Spike in patients with immune system diseases.Journal of autoimmunity · 2022Article
- Postvaccination anti-S IgG levels predict anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralising activity over 24 weeks in patients with RA.RMD open · 2022Article
- COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity in 16 patients with autoimmune systemic diseases. Lack of both humoral and cellular response to booster dose and ongoing disease modifying therapies.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo assess antibody and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs).
methodsThis prospective study recruited 100 patients with RA on a variety of DMARDs for antibody and T cell analysis, pre-vaccination and 4 weeks post-vaccination. Positive antibody response was defined as sera IgG binding to ≥1 antigen. Those that remained seronegative after first vaccination were retested 4 weeks after second vaccination; and if still seronegative after vaccination three. A T cell response was defined an ELISpot count of ≥7 interferon (IFN)γ-positive cells when exposed to spike antigens. Type I IFN activity was determined using the luminex multiplex assay IFN score.
resultsAfter vaccine one, in patients without prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure, 37/83 (45%) developed vaccine-specific antibody responses, 44/83 (53%) vaccine-specific T cell responses and 64/83 (77%) developed either antibody or T cell responses. Reduced seroconversion was seen with abatacept, rituximab (RTX) and those on concomitant methotrexate (MTX) compared to 100% for healthy controls (p<0.001). Better seroconversion occurred with anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) versus RTX (p=0.012) and with age ≤50 (p=0.012). Pre-vaccine SARS-CoV-2 exposure was associated with higher quantitative seroconversion (≥3 antibodies) (p<0.001). In the subgroup of non-seroconverters, a second vaccination produced seroconversion in 54% (19/35), and after a third in 20% (2/10). IFN score analysis showed no change post-vaccine.
conclusionPatients with RA on DMARDs have reduced vaccine responses, particularly on certain DMARDs, with improvement on subsequent vaccinations but with approximately 10% still seronegative after three doses.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.