Trial reportBMJ open2022
AVOID; a phase III, randomised controlled trial using indocyanine green for the prevention of anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery.
Trial report in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04712032 (A PHASE III, RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL ASSESSING THE VALUE OF INDOCYANINE GREEN IN THE LEAKAGE RATE OF COLORECTAL ANASTOMOSES), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A phase iii, randomised controlled trial assessing the value of indocyanine green in the leakage rate of colorectal anastomoses
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Indocyanine green and height of anastomosis in colorectal surgery- a network meta-analysis.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Does indocyanine green fluorescence angiography reduce the risk of anastomotic leaks in colorectal resections? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Updates in surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging for Colorectal Surgery: A Health Technology Assessment.Ontario health technology assessment series · 2025Pooled it
- Fluorescence imaging in reducing anastomotic leak after left-sided colorectal resections: a systematic review and updated meta-analysis.ANZ journal of surgery · 2024Pooled it
- Indocyanine green in intestinal endometriosis surgery: a multicenter evaluation of anastomotic safety.Journal of robotic surgery · 2026Observational
- Augmented reality with intraoperative indocyanine green lymphatic mapping in colorectal cancer: personalized surgery or a glowing distraction? A scoping review.Wideochirurgia i inne techniki maloinwazyjne = Videosurgery and other miniinvasive techniques · 2025Review
- Indocyanine green fluorescence-guided surgery in the emergency setting: the WSES international consensus position paper.World journal of emergency surgery : WJES · 2025Article
- Establishing reference curves for vital tissue perfusion using quantitative near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2025Article
- Article
- Quantification of indocyanine-green-enhanced fluorescence with spectrophotometry (O2C®) in low anterior rectal resection: A prospective study.Techniques in coloproctology · 2024Observational
- Review
- Intraoperative left-sided colorectal anastomotic testing in clinical practice: a multi-treatment machine-learning analysis of the iCral3 prospective cohort.Updates in surgery · 2024Article
- Fluorescence-guided colorectal surgery: applications, clinical results, and protocols.Annals of surgical treatment and research · 2023Review
- Quantification of indocyanine green near-infrared fluorescence bowel perfusion assessment in colorectal surgery.Surgical endoscopy · 2023Article
- Is ICG essential in all colorectal surgery? A 3-year experience in a single center: a cohort study.International journal of colorectal disease · 2023Article
- Quantitative perfusion assessment using indocyanine green during surgery - current applications and recommendations for future use.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2023Review
- Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Guided Surgery in Colorectal Surgery.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging during laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery could reduce the incidence of anastomotic leakage: a single institutional retrospective cohort study.World journal of surgical oncology · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAnastomotic leakage (AL) is one of the major complications after colorectal surgery. Compromised tissue perfusion at the anastomosis site increases the risk of AL. Several cohort studies have shown that indocyanine green (ICG) combined with fluorescent near-infrared imaging is a feasible and reproducible technique for real-time intraoperative imaging of tissue perfusion, leading to reduced leakage rates after colorectal resection. Unfortunately, these studies were not randomised. Therefore, we propose a randomised controlled trial to assess the value of ICG-guided surgery in reducing AL after colorectal surgery. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A multicentre, randomised controlled clinical trial will be conducted to assess the benefit of ICG-guided surgery in preventing AL. A total of 978 patients scheduled for colorectal surgery will be included. Patients will be randomised between the Fluorescence Guided Bowel Anastomosis group and the Conventional Bowel Anastomosis group. The primary endpoint is clinically relevant AL (defined as requiring active therapeutic intervention or reoperation) within 90 days after surgery. Among the secondary endpoints are 30-day clinically relevant AL, all-cause postoperative complications, all-cause and AL-related mortality, surgical and non-surgical reinterventions, total surgical time, length of hospital stay and all-cause and AL-related readmittance. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This protocol has been approved by the Medical Ethical Committee Leiden-Den Haag-Delft (METC-LDD) and is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov and trialregister.nl. The results of this study will be reported through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04712032; NL7502.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.