ArticleReproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E2022
Gonadotropins treatment prior to microdissection testicular sperm extraction in non-obstructive azoospermia: a single-center cohort study.
Article in Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Micro-TESE in Non-Obstructive Azoospermia: Phenotype-Guided Hormonal Optimization and Testosterone Response-Prognostic Biomarker or Therapeutic Target?Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- A Novel Decision-Making Protocol for the Prediction of Sperm Retrieval in Klinefelter's Syndrome Patients.Urologia internationalis · 2026Article
- Clomiphene citrate and human chorionic gonadotropin treatment before microdissection testicular sperm extraction in non-obstructive azoospermia: a retrospective non-randomized series.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Article
- Medical treatment prior to micro-TESE.Asian journal of andrology · 2025Review
- Comparison of Effects of Chorionic Gonadotropin Alfa and Anastrozole on Sperm Retrieval Rate in Patients with Non-Mosaic Klinefelter Syndrome Following Microdissection Testicular Sperm Extraction.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- The role of luteinizing hormone activity in spermatogenesis: from physiology to clinical practice.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2025Review
- Clinical outcomes of round spermatid injection vs intracytoplasmic sperm injection: The role of hormonal pretreatment for nonobstructive azoospermia.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2025Article
- The Andrological Landscape in the Twenty-First Century: Making Sense of the Advances in Male Infertility Management for the Busy Clinicians.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Review
- Factors influencing the sperm retrieval rate of microdissection testicular sperm extraction in patients with nonmosaic Klinefelter syndrome.Asian journal of andrology · 2023Article
- Gonadotropin Stimulation Before Sperm Retrieval in Non-Obstructive Azoospermia: Myth, Magic, or Medicine?International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of UrologyArticle
- Hormonal Therapy Before Sperm Retrieval in Men With Non-Obstructive Azoospermia: From Controversy to Precision Using the APHRODITE Criteria.Reproductive medicine and biologyReview
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundMicrodissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) in combination with ICSI can make paternity possible for non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients. Testicular sperm can be successfully retrieved in nearly half of NOA patients. Nevertheless, not many convincing protocols are established to improve sperm retrieval rate (SRR). The goal of this study was to evaluate whether gonadotropins therapy before micro-TESE could improve sperm retrieval rate and affect the ICSI outcomes in non-obstructive azoospermia patients with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism.
methodsThis retrospective cohort study included a total of 569 non-obstructive azoospermia men who underwent micro-TESE with or without 3-month of preoperative hCG / hCG plus highly purified urinary FSH (uFSH) between January 2016 and December 2019. The primary outcome was the sperm retrieval rate of micro-TESE.
resultsSperm was found in 27 patients among 395 NOA men who accepted preoperative gonadotropins treatment (6.8%, 27/395) in post-treatment semen analysis for ICSI. One hundred forty nine out of 542 patients could successfully obtain enough sperm for ICSI through the micro-TESE (overall SRR = 27.5%). There was a statistically significant difference in the SRR between the preoperative gonadotropins treatment and non-gonadotropins treatment groups (31.2%, 115/368 vs. 19.5%, 34/174, P = 0.006). In the multivariable analysis with IPTW according to the propensity score, there was a significant association between preoperative gonadotropins treatment and the SRR (OR, 1.59; 95% CI: 1.02-2.52; P = 0.042). No differences in the clinical pregnancy rate, live birth delivery rate, or miscarriage rate were observed between the two groups.
conclusionPreoperative gonadotropins therapy seems to have a role in improving SRR in NOA patients with hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. We found that gonadotropins therapy had no effect on ICSI clinical outcomes and live birth.
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