ArticleBMC public health2022
Characteristics and determinants of loss to follow-up among tuberculosis (TB) patients who smoke in an industrial state of Malaysia: a registry-based study of the years 2013-2017.
Article in BMC public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Enhancing tuberculosis treatment adherence and motivation through gamified real-time mobile app utilization: a single-arm intervention study.BMC public health · 2024Trial
- Impact of pharmacist counseling intervention to improve health-related quality of life in pulmonary tuberculosis: a randomized controlled trial.IJID regions · 2026Article
- Unmasking the Determinants of Loss to Follow-Up in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Study in Selangor, Malaysia.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Modeling the determinants of attrition in a two-stage epilepsy prevalence survey in Nairobi using machine learning.Global epidemiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Determinants of the lost to follow-up status among patients with tuberculosis who emigrated to the Republic of Korea: a mixed-method study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Spatiotemporal hotspot analysis of tuberculosis lost to follow-up cases in Ghana: A district-level study from 2019-2023.PloS one · 2025Article
- Retreatment and Anti-tuberculosis Therapy Outcomes in Brazil Between 2015 and 2022: A Nationwide Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- A Gamified Real-time Video Observed Therapies (GRVOTS) Mobile App via the Modified Nominal Group Technique: Development and Validation Study.JMIR serious games · 2023Article
- T-BACCO SCORE: A predictive scoring tool for tuberculosis (TB) loss to follow-up among TB smokers.PloS one · 2023Article
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Abstract
backgroundThe increased risk of loss to follow-up among TB smokers raises concern over the secondary spread within the community. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with loss to follow-up among TB patients who smoke.
methodsAll registered TB patients who smoke in the state of Selangor between 2013 and 2017 via the Malaysian Tuberculosis Information System (MyTB) database were included for analysis. TB patients who smoke were considered those who are "current smoker" during the notification, while loss to follow-up was defined as a TB patient who had interrupted treatment for 2 months or longer. There were 3 main variable domains included for analysis: sociodemographic profiles, disease profiles, and comorbidities. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify determinants of loss to follow-up among TB patients who smoke.
resultsA total of 14.1% (N = 813) of TB patients who smoke loss to follow-up. The determinants of loss to follow-up among TB smokers were working age population aged 32-41 and 42-53 years old (AOR 1.08; 95%CI 1.23,2.08) and (AOR 1.44; 95%CI 1.11,1.87) respectively, Malaysian nationality (AOR 2.34; 95%CI 1.66,3.30), patients staying in urban area (AOR 1.55; 95% CI 1.23,1.97), income level less than RM2160 (AOR 1.59; 95% CI 1.14,2.20), un-employed (AOR 1.30; 95%CI 1.09-1.55), have low education level i.e., secondary school education, primary school education and no formal education (AOR 1.60; 95%CI 1.22,2.10), (AOR 1.73; 95%CI 1.16,2.57) and (AOR 2.29; 95% CI 1.57,3.33) respectively, previously treated TB cases (AOR 2.19; 95% CI 1.71,2.81), active TB case detection methods (AOR 2.06; 95%CI 1.40,3.02), moderate lesion x-ray (AOR 1.60; 95%CI 1.13,2.27) and HIV positive (AOR 1.36; 95%CI 1.02,1.82). All the significant factors gave rise to the final model of determinants, with a predictability of 67.2% (95% CI 65.0,69.3).
conclusionsThe high proportion of loss to follow-up among TB patients who smoke highlight the importance of providing early risk detection that examines the three main domains of risk factors such as socioeconomic, disease profiles and comorbidities. Potential integrated intervention should aim to reduce the proportion of smoking among TB patients through the stop smoking programme together with directly observed therapy (DOT).
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