ArticleJMIR formative research2022
An Evaluation of Real-world Smart Sock-Based Temperature Monitoring Data as a Physiological Indicator of Early Diabetic Foot Injury: Case-Control Study.
Article in JMIR formative research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetic foot prevention, assessment, and management using innovative smart wearable technology: a systematic review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Smart Wearable Systems for the Remote Monitoring of Selected Vascular Disorders of the Lower Extremity: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Usability and Feasibility of an In-Home Full-Color Imaging Scale for Remote Monitoring of High-Risk Patients With a History of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Retrospective Observational Formative Evaluation.JMIR formative research · 2026Observational
- Wearable Technologies for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Monitoring and Risk Prediction: Systematic Review.JMIR diabetes · 2026Review
- The Application of Preventive Medicine in the Future Digital Health Era.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Review
- Developing a Smart Sensing Sock to Prevent Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Qualitative Focus Group and Interview Study.Journal of participatory medicine · 2025Article
- Digital infrared thermography and machine learning for diabetic foot assessment: thermal patterns and classification.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2024Article
- Smart Compression Sock for Early Detection of Diabetic Foot Ulcers.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Personalized and predictive strategies for diabetic foot ulcer prevention and therapeutic management: potential improvements through introducing Artificial Intelligence and wearable technology.Medicine and pharmacy reports · 2024Review
- Towards a Remote Patient Monitoring Platform for Comprehensive Risk Evaluations for People with Diabetic Foot Ulcers.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A Multi-Faceted Digital Health Solution for Monitoring and Managing Diabetic Foot Ulcer Risk: A Case Series.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of a Continuous Remote Temperature Monitoring Program to Reduce Foot Ulcers and Amputations: Multicenter Postmarket Registry Study.JMIR diabetes · 2024Article
- Preventative Sensor-Based Remote Monitoring of the Diabetic Foot in Clinical Practice.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Data-driven digital health technologies in the remote clinical care of diabetic foot ulcers: a scoping review.Frontiers in clinical diabetes and healthcare · 2023Article
- Feasibility of temperature monitoring smart socks in adolescents and young adults with spina bifida.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine · 2023Article
- Healthcare professionals' intention to adopt a smart diabetic foot screening system: A UTAUT-informed mixed-methods study.Digital healthArticle
- Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLower extremity complications of diabetes represent major health care complications both in terms of cost and impact to quality of life for patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Temperature monitoring has been shown in previous studies to provide a useful signal of inflammation that may indicate the early presence of a foot injury.
objectiveIn this study, we evaluated the temperature data for patients that presented with a diabetic foot injury while using a sock-based remote temperature monitoring device.
methodsThe study abstracted data from patients who were enrolled in a remote temperature monitoring program (2020-2021) using a smart sock (Siren Care). In the study cohort, a total of 5 participants with a diabetes-related lower extremity injury during the study period were identified. In the second comparison cohort, a total of 26 patients met the criteria for monitoring by the same methods but did not present with a diabetes-related podiatric lower extremity injury during the same period. The 15-day temperature differential between 6 defined locations on each foot was the primary outcome measure among subjects who presented with a diagnosed foot injury. Paired t tests were used to compare the differences between the two groups.
resultsA significant difference in temperature differential (temperature measured in °F) was observed in the group that presented with a podiatric injury over the course of evaluation versus the comparator group that did not present with a podiatric injury. The average difference from all 6 measured points was 1.4 °F between the injury group (mean 3.6, SD 3.0) and the comparator group (mean 2.2, SD 2.5, t=-71.4, df=39; P<.001).
conclusionsThe results of this study suggest temperature monitoring in a sock form factor could be used to predict a developing foot injury. The continuous temperature monitoring system employed has implications for further algorithm development to enable early detection. The study was limited by a nonrandomized, observational design with limited injuries present in the study period. We look forward to further studies that will refine the predictive potential and confirm or refute the current promising data.
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