Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35362850›Full record

ReviewSports medicine - open2022

The Training Characteristics of World-Class Distance Runners: An Integration of Scientific Literature and Results-Proven Practice.

Thomas Haugen, Øyvind Sandbakk, Stephen Seiler, Espen Tønnessen

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Sports medicine - open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
55citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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  19. Physiological Resilience: What Is It and How Might It Be Trained?Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Thomas HaugenSchool of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, PB 1190, Sentrum, 0107, Oslo, Norway. thomas.haugen@kristiania.no.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5929-0389
Øyvind SandbakkDepartment of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Centre for Elite Sports Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
Stephen SeilerFaculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, PB 422, 4604, Kristiansand, Norway.
Espen TønnessenSchool of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, PB 1190, Sentrum, 0107, Oslo, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this review we integrate the scientific literature and results-proven practice and outline a novel framework for understanding the training and development of elite long-distance performance. Herein, we describe how fundamental training characteristics and well-known training principles are applied. World-leading track runners (i.e., 5000 and 10,000 m) and marathon specialists participate in 9 ± 3 and 6 ± 2 (mean ± SD) annual competitions, respectively. The weekly running distance in the mid-preparation period is in the range 160-220 km for marathoners and 130-190 km for track runners. These differences are mainly explained by more running kilometers on each session for marathon runners. Both groups perform 11-14 sessions per week, and ≥ 80% of the total running volume is performed at low intensity throughout the training year. The training intensity distribution vary across mesocycles and differ between marathon and track runners, but common for both groups is that volume of race-pace running increases as the main competition approaches. The tapering process starts 7-10 days prior to the main competition. While the African runners live and train at high altitude (2000-2500 m above sea level) most of the year, most lowland athletes apply relatively long altitude camps during the preparation period. Overall, this review offers unique insights into the training characteristics of world-class distance runners by integrating scientific literature and results-proven practice, providing a point of departure for future studies related to the training and development in the Olympic long-distance events.

Indexed as

Aerobic conditioningEnduranceOlympic athletesTraining logsTraining periodization

Identifiers

PMID35362850
PMCPMC8975965

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.