ReviewCurrent treatment options in oncology2022
Surgery in Patients with Gastro-Entero-Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinomas, Neuroendocrine Tumors G3 and High Grade Mixed Neuroendocrine-Non-Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.
Review in Current treatment options in oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Use of Adjunct Therapies with Surgery for Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors: Indications, Timing, and Outcomes.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Controversies in NEN: An ENETS position statement on the treatment of patients with Grade 3 well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumours of the gastro-enteropancreatic tract.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2025Review
- Clinicopathological characteristics and treatment of patients with colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma: A retrospective study of 157 cases.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- Development and validation of predictive models for distant metastasis and prognosis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Development of a Nomogram-Based Online Calculator for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Patients With Digestive Tract Mixed Neuroendocrine-Non-Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (MiNENs): An Analysis of the SEER Database.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms in gastroenteropancreatic tract.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Review
- Treatment of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas of rectum and anus with chemoradiotherapy: a single-centre evaluation.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2024Article
- Impact of Combined Chemotherapy and Targeted Therapy on Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma with Liver Metastasis: A Single-Center Modified Nomogram Analysis.OncoTargets and therapy · 2024Article
- Gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms: epidemiology, genetics, and treatment.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Gastric mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Extrapulmonary Neuroendocrine Carcinomas: Current Management and Future Perspectives.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Analysis of surgical treatment of appendix neuroendocrine neoplasms-17 years of single-center experience.World journal of surgical oncology · 2023Article
- Case report: Coexistence of sigmoid tumor with unusual pathological features and multiple colorectal neuroendocrine tumors with lymph node metastases.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Article
- Treatment modalities favoring outcome in well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors G3.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Multivisceral resection of nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm with nearby organ invasion: a case report.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Surgical Outcomes, Long-Term Survivals and Staging Systems of World Health Organization G3 Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
opinion statementIn the 2019 WHO guidelines, the classification of gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP NEN) has changed from one being based on Ki-67 proliferation index alone to one that also includes tumor differentiation. Consequently, GEP NENs are now classified as well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (NET), NET G1 (Ki-67 <3%), NET G2 (Ki-67 3-20%) and NET G3 (Ki-67 >20%), and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) (Ki-67 >20%). It has been suggested that NET G3 should be treated as NET G2 with respect to surgery, while surgical management of NEC should be expanded from local disease to also include patients with advanced disease where curative surgery is possible. High grade mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNEN) have a neuroendocrine and a non-neuroendocrine component mostly with a poor prognosis. All studies evaluating the effect of surgery in NEC and MiNEN are observational and hold a risk of selection bias, which may overestimate the beneficial effect of surgery. Further, only a few studies on the effect of surgery in MiNEN exist. This review aims to summarize the data on the outcome of surgery in patients with GEP NET G3, GEP NEC and high grade MiNEN. The current evidence suggests that patients with NEN G3 and localized disease and NEN G3 patients with metastatic disease where curative surgery can be achieved may benefit from surgery. In patients with MiNEN, it is currently not possible to evaluate on the potential beneficial effect of surgery due to the low number of studies.
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