Trial reportAutism : the international journal of research and practice2023
A randomized controlled trial into the effects of probiotics on electroencephalography in preschoolers with autism.
Trial report in Autism : the international journal of research and practice, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Core Symptoms of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- The effects of oral probiotic intervention on brain structure and function in human adults: a systematic review.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Pooled it
- Neurobiological effects of microbial treatments within psychiatry: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of nutritional supplements on gut microbiome in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review and narrative synthesis.BMC nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of probiotics on children with autism spectrum disorders: a meta-analysis.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- A comparison between children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders and healthy controls in biomedical factors, trace elements, and microbiota biomarkers: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for patients with autism spectrum disorder: a meta-analysis and umbrella review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Gut Microbiota in Children with Autism: A Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Indicators of improved emotion behavior in 6-14-year-old children following a 4-week placebo controlled prebiotic supplement intervention at home with a parent.Nutrition journal · 2025Trial
- Article
- Unraveling the gut microbiota-brain axis: Mechanisms, pathophysiology, and therapeutic opportunities.iScience · 2026Review
- Medical treatment of autism spectrum disorder in children: Current evidence, controversies, and clinical challenges.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Article
- The Gut Microbiota-Tryptophan-Brain Axis in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A New Frontier for Probiotic Intervention.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Towards treatments targeting the gut to improve behavioural outcomes in autism spectrum disorder.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- The microbiota-gut-brain axis as a modulator of symptom expression in autism spectrum disorder, with exploratory insights into ADHD: evidence from a structured narrative review on paediatric population.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in autism spectrum disorder: pharmacological insights into natural antioxidants.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Meditation styles are highly discriminable from EEG at the subject level with limited generalization across the population: a machine-learning study.Frontiers in artificial intelligence · 2026Article
- Advancement on the Association between Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children.Annals of nutrition & metabolism · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota dysbiosis at the interface of neuropsychiatric disorders and their dermatological comorbidities.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Effect of multispecies probiotics on autism symptoms: protocol for a randomized controlled trial (PROBAUT).Trials · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
lay abstractThis study investigates the effects of a probiotic on preschoolers' brain electrical activity with autism spectrum disorder. Autism is a disorder with an increasing prevalence characterized by an enormous individual, family, and social cost. Although the etiology of autism spectrum disorder is unknown, an interaction between genetic and environmental factors is implicated, converging in altered brain synaptogenesis and, therefore, connectivity. Besides deepening the knowledge on the resting brain electrical activity that characterizes this disorder, this study allows analyzing the positive central effects of a 6-month therapy with a probiotic through a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study and the correlations between electroencephalography activity and biochemical and clinical parameters. In subjects treated with probiotics, we observed a decrease of power in frontopolar regions in beta and gamma bands, and increased coherence in the same bands together with a shift in frontal asymmetry, which suggests a modification toward a typical brain activity. Electroencephalography measures were significantly correlated with clinical and biochemical measures. These findings support the importance of further investigations on probiotics' benefits in autism spectrum disorder to better elucidate mechanistic links between probiotics supplementation and changes in brain activity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.