Trial reportAlcoholism, clinical and experimental research2022
The effect of neuroimmune modulation on subjective response to alcohol in the natural environment.
Trial report in Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Variations in alcohol craving and negative mood during a clinical trial of ibudilast for alcohol use disorder.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Trial
- Baseline C-reactive protein levels are predictive of treatment response to a neuroimmune modulator in individuals with an alcohol use disorder: a preliminary study.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2023Trial
- Influence of real-world cue exposure and mood states on drinking: testing neurobiological models of alcohol use disorder.Psychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
- Central amygdala neuroimmune signaling in alcohol use disorder.Addiction neuroscience · 2025Article
- Effects of social drinking context on subjective effects, affect, and next-day appraisals in the natural environment.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2024Article
- A Narrative Review of Current and Emerging Trends in the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Testing pharmacotherapies for alcohol use disorder with cue exposure paradigms: A systematic review and quantitative synthesis of human laboratory trial methodology.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2023Review
- Pharmacological interventions for alcohol use disorder: novel insights from recent clinical trials.Expert review of clinical pharmacologyReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite the promising implications for novel immune therapeutics, few clinical trials have tested these therapies to date. An understanding of how immune pharmacotherapies influence complex alcohol use disorder (AUD) profiles, including subjective response to alcohol, is very limited. Initial findings show that ibudilast, a neuroimmune modulator, reduces rates of heavy drinking and measures of alcohol craving.
methodsThis study is a secondary analysis of a 2-week clinical trial of ibudilast that enrolled a nontreatment-seeking sample with AUD. Eligible participants (N = 52) were randomized to receive ibudilast or matched placebo and completed daily diary assessments (DDAs) during the 2-week period. Each morning, participants reported on their mood and craving levels both before and during the previous day's drinking episode, as well as stimulation and sedation levels during the previous day's drinking episode. Multilevel models were used to compare the effects of ibudilast and placebo on subjective alcohol response. Exploratory analyses tested whether ibudilast moderated the relationship between daily stimulation/sedation and alcohol intake and whether withdrawal-related dysphoria moderated ibudilast's effects on subjective response.
resultsIbudilast did not significantly alter mean levels of stimulation or sedation (p's > 0.05). It did, however, moderate the effect of daily stimulation on drinking (p = 0.045). Ibudilast attenuated alcohol-induced increases in craving compared with placebo (p = 0.047), but not other subjective response measures. Ibudilast significantly tempered daily alcohol-induced changes in urge to drink and positive mood only among individuals without withdrawal-related dysphoria.
conclusionsIbudilast's effects on subjective alcohol responses appear to be nuanced and perhaps most salient for individuals drinking for positive reinforcement as distinguished from those who drink to feel normal. Consistent with previous findings, reductions in alcohol craving may represent a primary mechanism of ibudilast's effects on drinking. The ecologically valid nature of DDAs provide a clinically useful window into how individuals experience alcohol's effects while taking ibudilast.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.