Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35361700›Full record

Trial reportJournal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN

Clinical effects of continuous theta burst stimulation for generalized anxiety disorder and a mechanism involving α oscillations: a randomized controlled trial.

Xidan Li, Ce Zhang, Jing Tan, Li Ding, Chun Wang, Mengmeng Wang, Yongzhong Lin

Open access · diamondAbstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.3field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  15. Rhythmic activity in resting-state EEG predicts trait anxiety.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Xidan LiFrom the Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (Li, Tan, Ding, C. Wang, M. Wang, Lin); the Stem Cell Clinical Research Institution, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (Li); the Clinical Drug Trial Institution, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China (Zhang).
Ce ZhangFrom the Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (Li, Tan, Ding, C. Wang, M. Wang, Lin); the Stem Cell Clinical Research Institution, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (Li); the Clinical Drug Trial Institution, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China (Zhang).
Jing TanFrom the Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (Li, Tan, Ding, C. Wang, M. Wang, Lin); the Stem Cell Clinical Research Institution, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (Li); the Clinical Drug Trial Institution, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China (Zhang).
Li DingFrom the Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (Li, Tan, Ding, C. Wang, M. Wang, Lin); the Stem Cell Clinical Research Institution, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (Li); the Clinical Drug Trial Institution, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China (Zhang).
Chun WangFrom the Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (Li, Tan, Ding, C. Wang, M. Wang, Lin); the Stem Cell Clinical Research Institution, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (Li); the Clinical Drug Trial Institution, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China (Zhang).
Mengmeng WangFrom the Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (Li, Tan, Ding, C. Wang, M. Wang, Lin); the Stem Cell Clinical Research Institution, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (Li); the Clinical Drug Trial Institution, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China (Zhang).
Yongzhong LinFrom the Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (Li, Tan, Ding, C. Wang, M. Wang, Lin); the Stem Cell Clinical Research Institution, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China (Li); the Clinical Drug Trial Institution, the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China (Zhang) lin19671024@163.com.
Dalian Medical University · CNSecond Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University · CNFirst Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundContinuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) is a much more rapid protocol than low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), but no clinical trial has yet investigated the efficacy and mechanisms of cTBS for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical effects and α oscillations induced by cTBS versus 1 Hz rTMS as predictors of response, and to assess the underlying mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of cTBS in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.

methodsWe randomly allocated 120 patients with generalized anxiety disorder to receive cTBS (

resultsAfter 20 sessions of treatment, patients' anxiety had improved and α power had increased in the cTBS and 1 Hz rTMS groups. However, at 1-month follow-up the cTBS group had significantly more responders and remitters, and higher α oscillations than the 1 Hz rTMS group (post hoc analysis: cTBS > rTMS > sham). At baseline, α frequency was inversely correlated with psychological symptom scores on the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale ( LIMITATIONS: Electroencephalography data were limited to the α band.

conclusionOur findings provide evidence for the clinical use of cTBS, a novel brain stimulation protocol. Its therapeutic effects may be the result of increasing α frequency, thereby improving the psychological symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.

Indexed as

Anxiety DisordersTranscranial Magnetic StimulationAnxietyElectroencephalographyHumans

Identifiers

PMID35361700
PMCPMC8979658
OpenAlexW4220929512

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.