ArticleBMJ open2022
Effect of cigarette smoking on serum anti-Mullerian hormone and antral follicle count in women seeking fertility treatment: a prospective cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review of acupuncture to improve ovarian function in women with poor ovarian response.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Pooled it
- E-cigarette use (vaping) and cigarette smoking are associated with reduced markers of ovarian reserve: a cross-sectional study of 16,087 women.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Association between anti-Mullerian hormone levels and age in women with endometriosis: insights from a population-based study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Ovarian reserve in patients with Sjögren's syndrome: a cross-sectional study.Clinical rheumatology · 2025Article
- The Concentration of Follistatin and Activin A in Serum and Selected Biochemical Parameters in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Stratification by Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Insulin Resistance, and Overweight/Obesity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Ovarian Reserve Disorders, Can We Prevent Them? A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The Aftermath of Long-Term Cigarette Smoking on Telomere Length and Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in Human Cumulus Cells Prior to In Vitro Fertilization-A Pilot Study.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Association between cigarette smoking and ovarian reserve among women seeking fertility care.PloS one · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe relationship between smoking and ovarian reserve markers is inconclusive. The primary objective of our study was to assess the effect of cigarette smoking on the quantitative ovarian reserve parameters, serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and antral follicle count (AFC) as relevant to prediction of fertility outcomes in women seeking fertility treatment. Our secondary aims were to validate self-reported smoking behaviour using biomarkers and evaluate the association between biomarkers of ovarian reserve (serum AMH and AFC) with biomarkers of smoking exposure (breath carbon monoxide (CO) and urine cotinine levels).
designProspective, cross-sectional study.
settingSingle tertiary care fertility centre.
participantsWomen ≤35 years seeking fertility treatment. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Serum AMH and AFC.
resultsSignificant differences were found among current smokers, ex-smokers and never smokers for breath CO (F(2,97)=33.32, p<0.0001) and urine cotinine levels (p<0.001). However, no significant differences were found either for serum AMH (F(2,91)=1.19, p=0.309) or total AFC (F(2,81)=0.403, p=0.670) among the three groups. There was no significant correlation between pack years of smoking and serum AMH (r=-0.212, n=23, p=0.166) or total AFC (r=-0.276, n=19, p=0.126). No significant correlation was demonstrated between breath CO and serum AMH (r=0.082, n=94, p=0.216) or total AFC (r=0.096, n=83, p=0.195). Similarly, no significant correlation was demonstrated between urine cotinine levels and serum AMH (r=0.146, n=83, p=0.095) or total AFC (r=-0.027, n=77, p=0.386).
conclusionWe did not find a statistically significant difference in quantitative ovarian reserve markers between current smokers, ex-smokers and never smokers which would be clinically meaningful in our study population. We confirmed that self-reported smoking correlates well with quantitatively measured biomarkers of smoking. This validated the self-reported comparison groups to ensure a valid comparison of outcome measures. There was no significant association between biomarkers of smoking and biomarkers of ovarian reserve. We were also unable to demonstrate a correlation between the lifetime smoking exposure and ovarian reserve.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.