Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35361251›Full record

ArticleThe international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity2022

Tax awareness and perceived cost of sugar-sweetened beverages in four countries between 2017 and 2019: findings from the international food policy study.

Rachel B Acton, Lana Vanderlee, Jean Adams, Sharon I Kirkpatrick, Lilia S Pedraza, Gary Sacks, Christine M White, Martin White, David Hammond

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
6.8field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Twenty years of behavioral nutrition- A reflection on the road less travelled.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.

Rachel B ActonSchool of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada. rbacton@uwaterloo.ca.
Lana VanderleeÉcole de Nutrition, Centre de Nutrition, Santé Et Société (NUTRISS), Université Laval, 2425 rue de L'Agriculture, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
Jean AdamsCentre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
Sharon I KirkpatrickSchool of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Lilia S PedrazaCenter for Nutrition and Health Research, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Cerrada los Pinos Y Caminera, Av. Universidad 655, C.P. 62100, Morelos, Mexico.
Gary SacksGlobal Obesity Centre, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
Christine M WhiteSchool of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
Martin WhiteCentre for Diet and Activity Research (CEDAR), MRC Epidemiology Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Box 285, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
David HammondSchool of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
University of Waterloo · CAUniversity of Cambridge · GBDeakin University · AUInstituto Nacional de Salud Pública · MXUniversité Laval · CA

Funding

British Heart FoundationCancer Research UKCIHRMedical Research Council MC_UU_00006/7Medical Research Council MR/K023187/1Wellcome Trust 087636/Z/08/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe public health benefits of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxes often rely on, among other things, changes to consumer purchases. Thus, perceived cost of SSBs and signalling effects-via awareness of the tax-may impact the effectiveness of SSB taxes on consumer purchases.

objectiveThe study sought to examine perceived cost of SSBs, tax awareness, and changes in beverage purchasing over time and across four countries with and without SSB taxes.

methodsThe study used data from the 2017, 2018 and 2019 waves of the International Food Policy Study. Annual cross-sectional online surveys were conducted in Australia, Mexico, UK and US, which captured perceived cost of SSBs relative to non-SSBs in all countries (with Australia as a no-tax comparator), and measures of tax awareness and participants' reported changes in beverage purchasing in response to SSB taxes in Mexico (tax implemented in 2014), UK (tax implemented in 2018) and US (subnational taxes since 2015). Logistic regression models evaluated the measures across years and socio-demographic groups.

resultsPerceived cost of SSBs relative to non-SSBs was higher in Mexico (all three years) and the UK (2018 and 2019 following tax implementation) than Australia and the US. Tax awareness was higher in UK than Mexico, and decreased over time among Mexican respondents. Patterns of reported beverage purchasing changes in response to the tax were similar across Mexico, UK and US, with the largest changes reported by Mexican respondents. Respondents with characteristics corresponding to lower socioeconomic status were less likely to be aware of an SSB tax, but more likely to perceive SSBs to cost more than non-SSBs and report changes in purchasing in response to the tax, where there was one.

conclusionsThis study suggests that in countries where a national SSB tax was present (Mexico, UK), perceived cost of SSBs and tax awareness were higher compared to countries with no SSB tax (Australia) or subnational SSB taxes (US), respectively, and suggests that perceived cost and tax awareness represent distinct constructs. Improving the 'signalling effect' of existing SSB taxes may be warranted, particularly in tax settings where consumer behaviour change is a policy objective.

Indexed as

Sugar-Sweetened BeveragesCross-Sectional StudiesHumansNutrition PolicySweetening AgentsTaxesSweetening AgentsAwarenessNutrition policyPerceived costSugar-sweetened beveragesTax

Identifiers

PMID35361251
PMCPMC8973878
OpenAlexW4220676097

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.