SynthesisBMC medical education2022
Problem-based or lecture-based learning, old topic in the new field: a meta-analysis on the effects of PBL teaching method in Chinese standardized residency training.
Synthesis in BMC medical education, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Critical thinking and clinical skills by problem-based learning educational methods: an umbrella systematic review.BMC medical education · 2025Pooled it
- Which novel teaching strategy is most recommended in medical education? A systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMC medical education · 2024Pooled it
- The effectiveness of problem-based learning compared with lecture-based learning in surgical education: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medical education · 2023Pooled it
- Evaluating a problem-based learning model integrated with 3D anatomy software and software-assisted annotation in undergraduate spinal surgery education: a randomized controlled trial.BMC medical education · 2026Trial
- A PBL-, CBL-, and seminar-based blended teaching model for chairside instruction of undergraduate dental students: a randomized controlled trial.BMC medical education · 2025Trial
- Efficacy of problem-based learning in enhancing health education skills, self-directed learning, and critical thinking among nursing interns: a prospective cohort study.BMC medical education · 2025Trial
- Development and effectiveness of a BOPPPS teaching model-based workshop for community pharmacists training.BMC medical education · 2024Trial
- The Efficacy of Integrating Problem-Based Learning with the BOPPPS Six-Step Methodology in Endocrinology Clinical Instruction.Medical principles and practice : international journal of the Kuwait University, Health Science Centre · 2026Article
- Social network analysis as a technology-enhanced assessment tool for collaborative skills in medical PBL.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Reimagining pharmacology education.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Effect of Integrated Lecture-, Case-, and Problem-Based Learning on Critical Thinking and Clinical Competence in Gastrointestinal Surgery Trainees: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Gastroenterology research and practice · 2026Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dental residents in managing traumatic dental injuries.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Comparison of flipped classroom and lecture-based models in a radiology residency training program.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of multiple teaching methods in standardized training of internal medicine residents in China: a network meta-analysis.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- Learning needs of residents in oral and maxillofacial surgery outpatient clinics: a dual-source survey study.BMC medical education · 2025Article
- The effectiveness of problem-based learning and case-based learning teaching methods in clinical practical teaching in TACE treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma in China: a bayesian network meta-analysis.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- Application of SPARK teaching in acute abdomen radiography teaching for undergraduate medical students.BMC medical education · 2022Article
- Learning: New Strategy for Humanized Digital Medical Education and Training in Cardiology.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2022Article
- Effect of the BOPPPS model combined with case-based learning versus lecture-based learning on ophthalmology education for five-year paediatric undergraduates in Southwest China.BMC medical education · 2022Article
- Undergraduates' perceptions of problem-based learning approach to developing skills and attitude at a College of Medicine in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.Journal of family & community medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStandardized residency training (SRT) is crucial for graduate medical education and the training of high-quality doctors. Nevertheless, China started SRT nationwide only in the recent decade. During these years, researchers have been searching for suitable teaching methods to improve the abilities of residents. Although the problem-based learning (PBL) teaching mode has been applied in undergraduate teaching for many years, the teaching effect of PBL has not been unified in Chinese SRT according to the core competences of the residents.
methodsStudies that compared the teaching effect of PBL and lecture-based learning (LBL) on SRT in China from January 2010 to April 2020 in the Chinese databases, such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang, WeiPu, Chinese BioMedical Literature (CBM), and English-language online databases, such as PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were systematically reviewed. Data were analyzed using the Stata version 12.0 software.
resultsA total of 75 articles (76 studies) were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with LBL group, PBL-based methods are more effective in the mastery of medical theory knowledge (WMD = 7.14, 95% CI: 5.93-8.34), operational skills (WMD = 6.54, 95% CI: 4.55-8.53), analysis and diagnosis of cases (WMD = 8.52, 95% CI: 7.50-9.53), and overall capacity (WMD = 8.70, 95% CI: 6.87-10.53), but showed no advantage on operational skills in diagnostic imaging (WMD = 1.30, 95% CI: -0.11-2.71). The questionnaire surveys analyzed in this meta-analysis indicated the positive effects of PBL on the mastery of theoretical knowledge, clinical diagnostic thinking, teamwork ability, ability to analyze and solve problems, ability to consult documents, learning interest and learning efficiency, but that there were no advantages in improving self-directed learning ability, communication ability and hands-on ability. The questionnaire result analyzed in this meta-analysis also showed the residents' satisfaction with PBL-based strategies.
conclusionsTaken together, the current meta-analysis provides a systematic and comprehensive analysis on PBL teaching mode in Chinese SRT and outlines a path for further research on the detailed design of suitable teaching methods for different specialties and abilities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.