ArticleBMC pediatrics2022
Etiology and the challenge of diagnostic testing of community-acquired pneumonia in children and adolescents.
Article in BMC pediatrics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nanopore sequencing for microbiological diagnosis of bacterial pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- [Research on electrical impedance tomography for pediatric pneumonia based on an improved radial basis function neural network].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2026Article
- Article
- Host-response biomarker MxA for etiological discrimination of pediatric lower respiratory tract infections: implications for diagnostic study design.Translational pediatrics · 2026Review
- Modified lung ultrasound score and related findings in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.The ultrasound journal · 2026Article
- Prevalence, associated factors and treatment prescriptions for community-acquired pneumonia: a cross-sectional study at the largest children's hospital in the Ashanti Region, Ghana.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Management of Pediatric Parapneumonic Pleural Effusion: Interventional Versus Conservative Approaches in an 11-Year Retrospective Cohort.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Study on the value and mechanism of miR-369-5p in childhood pneumonia.BMC immunology · 2026Article
- MIR210HG promotes the progression of pediatric pneumonia by inducing apoptosis and inflammation through downregulating miR-195-5p and upregulating FGF2.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Prognostic value of IL-6, HMGB1, and TLR4 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with community-acquired pneumonia.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Advances in AI for detecting pulmonary inflammation and perioperative medicine: a mini-review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Parental self-efficacy, health locus of control, and preventive behaviors against respiratory infections in young children: a cross-sectional survey study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- How to identify respiratory pathogens in primary health care - a review on the benefits, prospects and pitfalls in using point of care tests.Infection · 2025Review
- Clinical epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic, and independent risk factors analysis for severe community-acquired pneumonia.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- A Novel Knowledge Fusion Ensemble for Diagnostic Differentiation of Pediatric Pneumonia and Acute Bronchitis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Can Lung Ultrasound Act as a Diagnosis and Monitoring Tool in Children with Community Acquired Pneumonia? Correlation with Risk Factors, Clinical Indicators and Biologic Results.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The development and validation of a privacy-preserving model based on federated learning for diagnosing severe pediatric pneumonia.Translational pediatrics · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of the clinical characteristics of severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and severe bacterial pneumonia in children.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Prognostic value of multivariate logistic regression analysis and amyloid A lactate monitoring in patients with severe pneumonia-associated sepsis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Model-based cost-impact analysis of a diagnostic test for patients with community-acquired pneumonia in Canada.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPneumonia is the leading cause of mortality in pediatric population. The etiology of pneumonia in this population is variable and changes according to age and disease severity and where the study is conducted. Our aim was to determine the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children aged 1 month to 17 years admitted to 13 Colombian hospitals.
methodsProspective cohort study. Hospitalized children with radiologically confirmed CAP and ≤ 15 days of symptoms were included and followed together with a control group. Induced sputum (IS) was submitted for stains and cultures for pyogenic bacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and multiplex PCR (mPCR) for bacteria and viruses; urinary antigens for pneumococcus and Legionella pneumophila; nasopharyngeal swabs for viruses, and paired serology for atypical bacteria and viruses. Additional cultures were taken at the discretion of primary care pediatricians.
resultsAmong 525 children with CAP, 71.6% had non-severe pneumonia; 24.8% severe and 3.6% very severe pneumonia, and no fatal cases. At least one microorganism was identified in 84% of children and 61% were of mixed etiology; 72% had at least one respiratory virus, 28% pyogenic bacteria and 21% atypical bacteria. Respiratory syncytial virus, Parainfluenza, Rhinovirus, Influenza, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Adenovirus and Streptococcus pneumoniae were the most common etiologies of CAP. Respiratory syncytial virus was more frequent in children under 2 years and in severe pneumonia. Tuberculosis was diagnosed in 2.3% of children. IS was the most useful specimen to identify the etiology (33.6%), and blood cultures were positive in 3.6%. The concordance between all available diagnostic tests was low. A high percentage of healthy children were colonized by S. pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae, or were infected by Parainfluenza, Rhinovirus, Influenza and Adenovirus.
conclusionsRespiratory viruses are the most frequent etiology of CAP in children and adolescents, in particular in those under 5 years. This study shows the challenges in making an etiologic diagnosis of CAP in pediatric population because of the poor concordance between tests and the high percentage of multiple microorganisms in healthy children. IS is useful for CAP diagnosis in pediatric population.
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