Observational studyJournal of intensive care medicine2022
Incidence and Clinical Features of Pneumomediastinum and Pneumothorax in COVID-19 Pneumonia.
Observational study in Journal of intensive care medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of pulmonary air leak on patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Pneumothorax and Pneumomediastinum in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Predictors of Mortality and Orotracheal Intubation in Patients with Pulmonary Barotrauma Due to COVID-19: An Italian Multicenter Observational Study during Two Years of the Pandemic.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Severe SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia and Pneumomediastinum/Pneumothorax: A Prospective Observational Study in an Intermediate Respiratory Care Unit.Journal of intensive care medicine · 2023Observational
- The prognostic effect of concomitant COVID-19 with spontaneous pneumothorax.Turk gogus kalp damar cerrahisi dergisi · 2023Article
- Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 disease: Clinical review with emphasis on emergency management.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPneumothorax (PTX) and pneumomediastinum (PM), collectively termed here "air leak", are now well described complications of severe COVID-19 pneumonia across several case series. The incidence is thought to be approximately 1% but is not definitively known.
objectivesTo report the incidence and describe the demographic features, risk factors and outcomes of patients with air leak as a complication of COVID-19.
methodsA retrospective observational study on all adult patients with COVID-19 admitted to Watford General Hospital, West Hertfordshire NHS Trust between March 1st 2020 and Feb 28
resultsAir leak occurred with an incidence of 0.56%. Patients with air leak were younger and had evidence of more severe disease at presentation, including a higher median CRP and number of abnormal zones affected on chest radiograph. Asthma was a significant risk factor in the development of air leak (OR 13.4 [4.7-36.4]), both spontaneously and following positive pressure ventilation. CPAP and IMV were also associated with a greater than six fold increase in the risk of air leak (OR 6.4 [2.5-16.6] and 9.8 [3.7-27.8] respectively). PTX, with or without PM, in the context of COVID-19 pneumonia was almost universally fatal whereas those with alone PM had a lower risk of death.
conclusionDespite the global vaccination programme, patients continue to develop severe COVID-19 disease and may require respiratory support. This study demonstrates the importance of identifying that deterioration in such patients may be resultant from PTX or PM, particularly in asthmatics and those managed with positive pressure ventilation.
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