Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35360933›Full record

SynthesisCirculation2022

Associations of Dietary Cholesterol, Serum Cholesterol, and Egg Consumption With Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality: Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis.

Bin Zhao, Lu Gan, Barry I Graubard, Satu Männistö, Demetrius Albanes, Jiaqi Huang

Open access · bronzeAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Circulation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed
15.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed, 80 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  15. Low carbohydrate high fat-diet in real life; A descriptive analysis of cardiovascular risk factors.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Bin ZhaoNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (B.Z., L.G., J.H.).ORCID 0000-0001-7065-2416
Lu GanNational Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (B.Z., L.G., J.H.).ORCID 0000-0002-4380-9964
Barry I GraubardDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD (B.I.G., D.A., J.H.).ORCID 0000-0002-6787-1105
Satu MännistöDepartment of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland (S.M.).
Demetrius Albanes *Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD (B.I.G., D.A., J.H.).
Jiaqi Huang *National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China (B.Z., L.G., J.H.).ORCID 0000-0002-7808-9477
Central South University · CNDepartment of Health and Human Services · USFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare · FI

Funding

Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) StudyZIACP010195 · NCI · DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS · PI ALBANES, DEMETRIUS · 2009 to 2025
$22.5M
ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL, BETA-CAROTENE CANCER PREVENTION STUDY AND COHORT FOLLOW-UPZ01SC000100 · SC · CLINICAL SCIENCES · PI ALBANES, D · 1999 to 2002
–
Intramural NIH HHS Z01 SC000100
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite substantial research highlighting the importance of exogenous dietary cholesterol intake and endogenous serum cholesterol level in human health, a thorough evaluation of the associations is lacking. Our study objective was to examine overall and cause-specific mortality in relation to dietary and serum cholesterol, as well as egg consumption, and conduct an updated meta-regression analysis of cohort studies.

methodsWe conducted a prospective analysis of 27 078 men in the ATBC Study (Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention). Multivariable-controlled cause-specific Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 31-year absolute mortality risk differences. A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies was also performed (PROSPERO [URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/; Unique identifier: CRD42021272756]).

resultsBased on 482 316 person-years of follow-up, we identified 22 035 deaths, including 9110 deaths from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Greater dietary cholesterol and egg consumption were associated with increased risk of overall and CVD-related mortality. Hazard ratios for each additional 300 mg cholesterol intake per day were 1.10 and 1.13 for overall and CVD-related mortality, respectively; for each additional 50-g egg consumed daily, hazard ratios were 1.06 and 1.09, respectively, for overall and CVD-related mortality (all

conclusionsIn this prospective cohort study and updated meta-analysis, greater dietary cholesterol and egg consumption were associated with increased risk of overall and CVD-related mortality. Our findings support restricted consumption of dietary cholesterol as a means to improve long-term health and longevity.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesCholesterol, DietaryCause of DeathEggsHumansMaleProspective StudiesRisk FactorsCholesterol, Dietarycholesterol, dietaryeggs, dietmeta-analysismortalityserum cholesterolsystematic review

Identifiers

PMID35360933
PMCPMC9134263
OpenAlexW4220858170

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.