ArticleResearch (Washington, D.C.)2022
Glymphatic System and Subsidiary Pathways Drive Nanoparticles Away from the Brain.
Article in Research (Washington, D.C.), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of the make-up and properties of in vitro models of the healthy and diseased blood-brain barrier.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Pooled it
- Terahertz liquid networks: a mesoscopic passive architecture for circumventing physical deadlocks in brain-computer interfaces.Nanoscale advances · 2026Review
- Advances in Living Cell-Mediated Nanodrug Delivery Systems: Construction Strategies, Applications and Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Lithium-Charged Gold Nanoparticles: A New Powerful Tool for Lithium Delivery and Modulation of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Activity.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Surface Problem: Unveiling Extracellular Vesicles Surface Markers and Their Implications for Central Nervous System Diseases' Diagnosis and Treatment.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Cracking the Blood-Brain Barrier Code: Rational Nanomaterial Design for Next-Generation Neurological Therapies.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs as Potential Biomarkers for Alzheimer's Disease: Advances and Perspectives in Translational Research.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Drug delivery pathways to the central nervous system via the brain glymphatic system circumventing the blood-brain barrier.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2025Review
- Retinal Vascular Morphology Reflects and Predicts Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Evidences from Eye-Brain Imaging Analysis.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Advances in Intrathecal Nanoparticle Delivery: Targeting the Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier for Enhanced CNS Drug Delivery.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- A probe for NIR-II imaging and multimodal analysis of early Alzheimer's disease by targeting CTGF.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Article
- Pharmacokinetics and tumor delivery of nanoparticles.Journal of drug delivery science and technology · 2023Article
- The glymphatic system: a new perspective on brain diseases.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2023Review
- Pathological BBB Crossing Melanin-Like Nanoparticles as Metal-Ion Chelators and Neuroinflammation Regulators against Alzheimer's Disease.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2023Article
- Delivery of Biomimetic Liposomes via Meningeal Lymphatic Vessels Route for Targeted Therapy of Parkinson's Disease.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although drug delivery systems (DDS) are efficient in brain delivery, they face failure in clinical settings due to their potential toxicity to the central nervous system. Little is known about where the DDS will go after brain delivery, and no specific elimination route that shares a passage with DDS has been verified. Hence, identifying harmless DDS for brain delivery and determining their fate there would strongly contribute to their clinical translation. In this study, we investigated nonreactive gold nanoclusters, which can deliver into the brain, to determine the elimination route of DDS. Subsequently, nanoclusters in the brain were systemically tracked and were found to be critically drained by the glymphatic system from the blood vessel basement membrane to periphery circulations (77.8 ± 23.2% and 43.7 ± 23.4% contribution). Furthermore, the nanoclusters could be actively transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by exosomes (30.5 ± 27.3% and 29.2 ± 7.1% contribution). In addition, microglia promoted glymphatic drainage and passage across the BBB. The simultaneous work of the glymphatic system, BBB, and microglia revealed the fate of gold nanoclusters for brain delivery and provided a basis for further brain-delivery DDS.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.