Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35357320›Full record

ArticleJMIR mental health2022

Utilizing Big Data From Google Trends to Map Population Depression in the United States: Exploratory Infodemiology Study.

Alex Wang, Robert McCarron, Daniel Azzam, Annamarie Stehli, Glen Xiong, Jeremy DeMartini

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JMIR mental health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Observational
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  14. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Alex WangDepartment of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3653-9756
Robert McCarronDepartment of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9547-1478
Daniel AzzamDepartment of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6145-8416
Annamarie StehliDepartment of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7985-1726
Glen XiongDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8258-6767
Jeremy DeMartiniDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1333-7166

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe epidemiology of mental health disorders has important theoretical and practical implications for health care service and planning. The recent increase in big data storage and subsequent development of analytical tools suggest that mining search databases may yield important trends on mental health, which can be used to support existing population health studies.

objectiveThis study aimed to map depression search intent in the United States based on internet-based mental health queries.

methodsWeekly data on mental health searches were extracted from Google Trends for an 11-year period (2010-2021) and separated by US state for the following terms: "feeling sad," "depressed," "depression," "empty," "insomnia," "fatigue," "guilty," "feeling guilty," and "suicide." Multivariable regression models were created based on geographic and environmental factors and normalized to the following control terms: "sports," "news," "google," "youtube," "facebook," and "netflix." Heat maps of population depression were generated based on search intent.

resultsDepression search intent grew 67% from January 2010 to March 2021. Depression search intent showed significant seasonal patterns with peak intensity during winter (adjusted P<.001) and early spring months (adjusted P<.001), relative to summer months. Geographic location correlated with depression search intent with states in the Northeast (adjusted P=.01) having higher search intent than states in the South.

conclusionsThe trends extrapolated from Google Trends successfully correlate with known risk factors for depression, such as seasonality and increasing latitude. These findings suggest that Google Trends may be a valid novel epidemiological tool to map depression prevalence in the United States.

Indexed as

big datadepressionepidemiologygoogle trendsinternetmental health

Identifiers

PMID35357320
PMCPMC9015761

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.