ArticleThe Laryngoscope2023
Eye Tracking and Motion Data Predict Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Skill.
Article in The Laryngoscope, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Toward precision surgical education: quantitative evaluation of surgical performance using instantaneous screw axes.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2026Article
- An interpretable whole-stream video based deep learning framework for surgical skill assessment of basic procedural elements.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2026Article
- Gaze Characteristics Using a Three-Dimensional Heads-Up Display During Cataract Surgery.Journal of eye movement research · 2025Article
- Comparison Between Scene-Independent and Scene-Dependent Eye Metrics in Assessing Psychomotor Skills.Human factors · 2025Article
- Diagnosis of Parkinson's disease by eliciting trait-specific eye movements in multi-visual tasks.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Vision toolkit part 2. features and metrics for assessing oculomotor signal: a review.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- Expert-Novice Level Classification Using Graph Convolutional Network Introducing Confidence-Aware Node-Level Attention Mechanism.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Eye gaze metrics for skill assessment and feedback in kidney stone surgery.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2023Article
- Craniotomy Simulator with Force Myography and Machine Learning-Based Skills Assessment.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveEndoscopic surgery has a considerable learning curve due to dissociation of the visual-motor axes, coupled with decreased tactile feedback and mobility. In particular, endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) lacks objective skill assessment metrics to provide specific feedback to trainees. This study aims to identify summary metrics from eye tracking, endoscope motion, and tool motion to objectively assess surgeons' ESS skill.
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, expert and novice surgeons performed ESS tasks of inserting an endoscope and tool into a cadaveric nose, touching an anatomical landmark, and withdrawing the endoscope and tool out of the nose. Tool and endoscope motion were collected using an electromagnetic tracker, and eye gaze was tracked using an infrared camera. Three expert surgeons provided binary assessments of low/high skill. 20 summary statistics were calculated for eye, tool, and endoscope motion and used in logistic regression models to predict surgical skill.
results14 metrics (10 eye gaze, 2 tool motion, and 2 endoscope motion) were significantly different between surgeons with low and high skill. Models to predict skill for 6/9 ESS tasks had an AUC >0.95. A combined model of all tasks (AUC 0.95, PPV 0.93, NPV 0.89) included metrics from eye tracking data and endoscope motion, indicating that these metrics are transferable across tasks.
conclusionsEye gaze, endoscope, and tool motion data can provide an objective and accurate measurement of ESS surgical performance. Incorporation of these algorithmic techniques intraoperatively could allow for automated skill assessment for trainees learning endoscopic surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A Laryngoscope, 133:500-505, 2023.
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