ArticleEcology and evolution2022
Host and geographic barriers shape the competition, coexistence, and extinction patterns of influenza A (H1N1) viruses.
Article in Ecology and evolution, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- The pathogen spectrum of influenza-like illness in Guilin, China, 2023-2024.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Phylodynamic reconstruction of major chicken infectious anemia virus clades epidemiology, dispersal, and evolution.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Host and geographic barriers shape the competition, coexistence, and extinction patterns of influenza A (H1N1) viruses.Ecology and evolution · 2022Article
- Zooming in on the molecular characteristics of swine influenza virus circulating in Colombia before and after the H1N1pdm09 virus.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The influenza virus mutates and spreads rapidly, making it suitable for studying evolutionary and ecological processes. The ecological factors and processes by which different lineages of influenza compete or coexist within hosts through time and across geographical space are poorly known. We hypothesized that competition would be stronger for influenza viruses infecting the same host compared to different hosts (the Host Barrier Hypothesis), and for those with a higher cross-region transmission intensity (the Geographic Barrier Hypothesis). Using available sequences of the influenza A (H1N1) virus in GenBank, we identified six lineages, twelve clades, and several replacement events. We found that human-hosted lineages had a higher cross-region transmission intensity than swine-hosted lineages. Co-occurrence probabilities of lineages infecting the same host were lower than those infecting different hosts, and human-hosted lineages had lower co-occurrence probabilities and genetic diversity than swine-hosted lineages. These results show that H1N1 lineages infecting the same host or with high cross-region transmission rates experienced stronger competition and extinction pressures than those infecting different hosts or with low cross-region transmission. Our study highlights how host and geographic barriers shape the competition, extinction, and coexistence patterns of H1N1 lineages and clades.
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