ArticleCurrent treatment options in cardiovascular medicine2021
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Athletes: Expect the Unexpected.
Article in Current treatment options in cardiovascular medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heart rate variability and overtraining in soccer players: A systematic review.Physiological reports · 2025Pooled it
- Sex-Specific Differences in Cardiovascular Adaptations and Risks in Elite Athletes: Bridging the Gap in Sports Cardiology.Clinical cardiology · 2024Pooled it
- Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in the Differential Diagnosis Between Athlete's Heart and Cardiac Pathology: Current Evidence and Diagnostic Challenges.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Associations Between Nutrition Knowledge, Body Composition, and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Performance in Adolescent Football Players.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Associations of thigh muscle thickness with cardiorespiratory fitness and ventilatory efficiency in male soccer athletes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Integrating Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in the Assessment of Aortic Stenosis: A Comprehensive Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Role of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in the Monitoring of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Athletes - State-of-the-Art Review.Vascular health and risk management · 2026Review
- Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Elite Athletes: Rethinking Sports Classification.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Exercise ventilatory efficiency in elite athletes assessed for the Paris 2024 Olympic Games: The effect of sex and sport categories.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Acid-Base and Electrolyte Balance Responses in the Performance of Female Ultramarathon Runners in a 45 km Mountain Race.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Machine learning models for reinjury risk prediction using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) data: optimizing athlete recovery.BioData mining · 2025Article
- Optimizing the Interpretation of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Endurance Athletes: Precision Approach for Health and Performance.Translational sports medicine · 2025Review
- Recalibrated FRIEND equation for peak oxygen pulse is accurate in endurance athletes: the NOODLE study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Changes in Cardiopulmonary Capacity Parameters after Surgery: A Pilot Study Exploring the Link between Heart Function and Knee Surgery.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Oxygen uptake efficiency plateau is unaffected by fitness level - the NOODLE study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2024Article
- Revisiting the clinical utilization of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in Saudi Arabia after 2 decades: A cross-sectional study.Saudi medical journal · 2024Article
- Is the Ventilatory Efficiency in Endurance Athletes Different?-Findings from the NOODLE Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Effect of maximum exercise on left ventricular deformation and its correlation with cardiopulmonary exercise capacity in competitive athletes.Echo research and practice · 2023Article
- Consumer Wearable Health and Fitness Technology in Cardiovascular Medicine: JACC State-of-the-Art Review.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2023Review
- Maximal oxygen uptake prediction from submaximal bicycle ergometry using a differential model.Scientific reports · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose of Review: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a tool designed to assess the integrated function of the cardiac, pulmonary, vascular and musculoskeletal systems to produce an exercise effort. CPET may be performed for performance purposes as part of optimizing a training program or for clinical purposes in athletes with established cardiovascular disease or in those with symptoms suggestive of cardiopulmonary pathology. Most normative values used for CPET parameters have been derived in the general population, in whom there will be expected differences in exercise physiology as compared to a trained athlete. In this review, our goal is to examine current available data on expected findings on CPET in athletes, highlight how these differ from the general population-derived normative values, and identify areas in need of further research to optimize the application of CPET in athletes. Recent Findings: Athletes demonstrate differences in exercise hemodynamic and gas exchange profiles as compared to non-athletes including: higher cardiac output, faster heart rate recovery, higher peak V̇O Summary: CPET is an important tool to optimize performance and assess for underlying pathology in an athletic population. The impact of routine, vigorous physical activity on exercise physiology should be integrated into determination of what constitutes a normal CPET result in an athletic individual.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.