ArticleOncoimmunology2022
Carbon ion radiotherapy triggers immunogenic cell death and sensitizes melanoma to anti-PD-1 therapy in mice.
Article in Oncoimmunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unlocking the therapeutic potential of immuno-radiotherapy: insights from preclinical and clinical research.Oncoimmunology · 2026Review
- From DNA damage to systemic immunity: Interaction networks in radio-immunotherapy.Cell insight · 2026Review
- Immunogenic Cell Death in Melanoma Induced by Radiotherapy, Photodynamic Therapy, or Non-Thermal Plasma: The Role of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Challenges and opportunities in combining radiotherapy and immunotherapy for localized pancreatic cancer.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2026Review
- Radiotherapy and tertiary lymphoid structures: balancing immune activation and immune damage in cancer immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Real-World Outcomes of Combined Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy and Systemic Immunotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab or Durvalumab Plus Tremelimumab): A Single-Center Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Spatially fractionated radiotherapy and immunotherapy: a synergistic strategy for systemic anti-tumor immunity.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Integrated approaches to sensitizing melanoma to radiotherapy.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2026Review
- Immunogenic cell death as a cornerstone for combination therapies with immune checkpoint blockade.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Clinical outcomes of carbon-ion radiotherapy for residual or recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after transarterial chemoembolization.ESMO gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Tumor-associated macrophages: potential therapeutic strategies and future prospects in radioresistance of cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Combined carbon ion radiotherapy and immunotherapy: leveraging the immunological advantages of carbon ion.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A new era of natural killer cell immunotherapy in tumor treatment: latest advances and cutting-edge perspectives from basic research to clinical practice.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Combining advanced radiotherapy techniques and immunotherapy: immunomodulatory mechanisms and clinical prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The Implications of Radiotherapy-Induced Cellular Senescence for Cancer Treatment and Tumor Microenvironment Modulation.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Synergistic effects of radiotherapy and immunotherapy: improving oncological outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Updates on radiotherapy-immunotherapy combinations: Proceedings of 8th Annual ImmunoRad Conference.Oncoimmunology · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy combined with radiotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Current status and challenge (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
- Roles of the phagocytosis checkpoint in radiotherapy.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) is an emerging type of radiotherapy for the treatment of solid tumors. In recent years, evidence accumulated that CIRT improves the therapeutic outcome in patients with otherwise poor response to immune checkpoint blockade. Here, we aimed at identifying the underlying mechanisms of CIRT-induced tumor immunogenicity and treatment efficacy. We used human U2OS osteosarcoma cells for the in vitro assessment of immunogenic cell death and established several in vivo models of melanoma in mice. We treated the animals with conventional radiation, CIRT, PD-1-targeting immune checkpoint blockade or a sequential combinations of radiotherapy with checkpoint blockade. We utilized flow cytometry, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and immunoblot analysis, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to assess biomarkers of immunogenic cell death in vitro. Treatment efficacy was studied by tumor growth assessment and the tumor immune infiltrate was analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Compared with conventional radioimmunotherapy, the combination of CIRT with anti-PD-1 more efficiently triggered traits of immunogenic cell death including the exposure of calreticulin, the release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the exodus of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as well as the induction of type-1 interferon responses. In addition, CIRT plus anti-PD-1 led to an increased infiltration of CD4
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.