ArticleInfection2022
Obesity and lipid metabolism disorders determine the risk for development of long COVID syndrome: a cross-sectional study from 50,402 COVID-19 patients.
Article in Infection, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review to find link between past psychiatric history and development of long covid.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- The impact of long COVID on physical and cardiorespiratory parameters: A systematic review.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- The bidirectional association between diabetes and long-COVID-19 - A systematic review.Diabetes research and clinical practice · 2023Pooled it
- Risk factors of post-COVID-19 symptoms, a cross-sectional study in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Brain corticogenesis promotes SARS-CoV-2 neuro-glial tropism through lipid-dependent viral replication.Stem cell reports · 2026Article
- Risk assessment of cardiac arrhythmias in the early post-COVID-19 period in non-hospitalized patients-long-term data from the PoLoCOV-CVD study.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Obesity and Nutritional Vulnerability in long COVID: A Neuroinflammatory and Cognitive Perspective.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Association Between Obesity and Post-COVID-19 Condition in Military Conscripts.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Pre-pandemic lifestyle patterns and mental health outcomes among people reporting post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: evidence from a Slovenian population-based sample.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Pre-existing comorbidities and hospitalization for COVID-19 are associated with post-COVID conditions in the U.S. veteran population.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Evaluation of short and long-term laboratory and instrumental findings in COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Tuscany.World journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Association between pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in older adults.Anales del sistema sanitario de Navarra · 2025Article
- Association of Mediterranean Diet with Cardiovascular Risk Factors and with Metabolic Syndrome in Subjects with Long COVID: BioICOPER Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Estimating long COVID-19 prevalence across definitions and forms of sample selection.Frontiers in epidemiology · 2025Article
- Knowledge Mapping of COVID-19 and Asthma/Allergic Rhinitis: A Visual and Bibliometric Analysis.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2025Article
- Role of Gut Microbiota in Long COVID: Impact on Immune Function and Organ System Health.Archives of microbiology & immunology · 2025Article
- Physical impairments in individuals with Long COVID.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Impact of Obesity-Associated SARS-CoV-2 Mutations on COVID-19 Severity and Clinical Outcomes.Viruses · 2024Article
- The Influence of Long COVID on the Cardiovascular System and Predictors of Long COVID in Females: Data from the Polish Long COVID Cardiovascular (PoLoCOV-CVD) Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeMetabolic disorders have been identified as major risk factors for severe acute courses of COVID-19. With decreasing numbers of infections in many countries, the long COVID syndrome (LCS) represents the next major challenge in pandemic management, warranting the precise definition of risk factors for LCS development.
methodsWe identified 50,402 COVID-19 patients in the Disease Analyzer database (IQVIA) featuring data from 1056 general practices in Germany. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for the development of LCS.
resultsOf the 50,402 COVID-19 patients included into this analysis, 1,708 (3.4%) were diagnosed with LCS. In a multivariate regression analysis, we identified lipid metabolism disorders (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.28-1.65, p < 0.001) and obesity (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.08-1.44, p = 0.003) as strong risk factors for the development of LCS. Besides these metabolic factors, patients' age between 46 and 60 years (compared to age ≤ 30, (OR 1.81 95% CI 1.54-2.13, p < 0.001), female sex (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.20-1.47, p < 0.001) as well as pre-existing asthma (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.39-2.00, p < 0.001) and depression (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.09-1.47, p = < 0.002) in women, and cancer (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.09-1.95, p = < 0.012) in men were associated with an increased likelihood of developing LCS.
conclusionLipid metabolism disorders and obesity represent age-independent risk factors for the development of LCS, suggesting that metabolic alterations determine the risk for unfavorable disease courses along all phases of COVID-19.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.