Evidence map›Paper›PMID 35354629›Full record

SynthesisBMJ open2022

Worldwide prevalence, risk factors and psychological impact of infertility among women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Nik Hussain Nik Hazlina, Mohd Noor Norhayati, Ismail Shaiful Bahari, Nik Ahmad Nik Muhammad Arif

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMJ open, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06996340 (Effects of White Noise on Pain, Anxiety and Comfort During in Invitro Fertilization), which is not on this map. Cited by 130 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
130citing papers in PubMed, 14 pooled it
42.1field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06996340 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Effects of White Noise on Pain, Anxiety and Comfort During in Invitro Fertilization: a Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorYasemin SökmenRan2025 to 2025Enrolled94ConditionsWHITE NOISE, INVITRO FERTILIZATION, PAIN, ANXIETY, COMFORTArmsWhite noise group, routine care
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

130 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 248 citations in OpenAlex.

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  2. Health impacts of micro- and nanoplastics in humans: systematic review of in vivo evidence.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2026
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70 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Nik Hussain Nik HazlinaWomen's Health Development Unit, Universiti Sains Malaysia - Kampus Kesihatan, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Mohd Noor NorhayatiDepartment of Family Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia - Kampus Kesihatan, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia hayatikk@usm.my.ORCID 0000-0002-6372-1476
Ismail Shaiful BahariDepartment of Family Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia - Kampus Kesihatan, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Nik Ahmad Nik Muhammad ArifWomen's Health Development Unit, Universiti Sains Malaysia - Kampus Kesihatan, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia · MYUniversiti Sains Malaysia · MY

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo assess the prevalence, risk factors and psychological impact of infertility among females. This review summarises the available evidence, effect estimates and strength of statistical associations between infertility and its risk factors. STUDY

designSystematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, CINAHL and ScienceDirect were searched through 23 January 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: The inclusion criteria involved studies that reported the psychological impact of infertility among women. We included cross-sectional, case-control and cohort designs, published in the English language, conducted in the community, and performed at health institution levels on prevalence, risk factors and psychological impact of infertility in women. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two reviewers independently extracted and assess the quality of data using the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis. The outcomes were assessed with random-effects model and reported as the OR with 95% CI using the Review Manager software.

resultsThirty-two studies with low risk of bias involving 124 556 women were included. The findings indicated the overall pooled prevalence to be 46.25% and 51.5% for infertility and primary infertility, respectively. Smoking was significantly related to infertility, with the OR of 1.85 (95% CI 1.08 to 3.14) times higher than females who do not smoke. There was a statistical significance between infertility and psychological distress among females, with the OR of 1.63 (95% CI 1.24 to 2.13). A statistical significance was noted between depression and infertility among females, with the OR of 1.40 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.75) compared with those fertile.

conclusionsThe study results highlight an essential and increasing mental disorder among females associated with infertility and may be overlooked. Acknowledging the problem and providing positive, supportive measures to females with infertility ensure more positive outcomes during the therapeutic process. This review is limited by the differences in definitions, diagnostic cut points, study designs and source populations. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021226414.

Indexed as

InfertilityCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHealth StatusHumansPrevalenceRisk FactorsMaternal medicineMENTAL HEALTHPRIMARY CAREPublic healthReproductive medicine

Identifiers

PMID35354629
PMCPMC8968640
OpenAlexW4220784325

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.