Observational studyJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2022
Mortality after acute kidney injury and acute interstitial nephritis in patients prescribed immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
Observational study in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evolving epidemiology and improving safety of rechallenge in immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute kidney injury: an updated meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors-associated acute kidney injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of incidence, kidney recovery, and recurrent risk.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Pooled it
- Association of Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Mediated Acute Kidney Injury: A Meta-Analysis and a Review of Related Outcomes.American journal of nephrology · 2024Pooled it
- Nephrotoxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Mice with a Human Immune System.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Risk stratification for immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge after acute kidney injury: towards a precision medicine framework.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Associations between Immune-related Adverse Events and Prognosis in Cancer Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Review
- The association between immune cells and acute kidney injury: insights from Mendelian randomization.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Single-Center Experience of Biopsy-Proven Cases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- External Validation of an Electronic Health Record-Based Diagnostic Model for Histological Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2025Article
- Risk of and Mortality After Acute Kidney Injury Following Cancer Treatment: A Cohort Study.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- The differentiation and intervention strategies for acute kidney injury after or induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors.American journal of cancer research · 2025Review
- Why do patients with cancer die?Nature reviews. Cancer · 2024Review
- Article
- Pembrolizumab-induced nephrotoxicity in a patient with breast cancer.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2024Article
- All-cause and immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute kidney injury in immune checkpoint inhibitor users: a meta-analysis of occurrence rate, risk factors and mortality.Clinical kidney journal · 2024Article
- Bibliometric and visual analysis of immunisation associated with acute kidney injury from 2003 to 2023.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Article
- Acute kidney injury in advanced lung cancer patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors: a single center observational study.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Review
- Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study.The oncologist · 2023Article
- Comparative risk of acute kidney injury among cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, acute kidney injury (AKI) is common, and can occur either from kidney injury unrelated to ICI use or from immune activation resulting in acute interstitial nephritis (AIN). In this study, we test the hypothesis that occurrence of AIN indicates a favorable treatment response to ICI therapy and therefore among patients who develop AKI while on ICI therapy, those with AIN will demonstrate greater survival compared with others with AKI.
methodsIn this observational cohort study, we included participants initiated on ICI therapy between 2013 and 2019. We tested the independent association of AKI and estimated AIN (eAIN) with mortality up to 1 year after therapy initiation as compared with those without AKI using time-varying Cox proportional hazard models controlling for demographics, comorbidities, cancer type, stage, and therapy, and baseline laboratory values. We defined eAIN as those with a predicted probability of AIN >90th percentile derived from a recently validated diagnostic model.
resultsOf 2207 patients initiated on ICIs, 617 (28%) died at 1 year and 549 (25%) developed AKI. AKI was independently associated with higher mortality (adjusted HR, 2.28 (95% CI 1.90 to 2.72)). Those AKI patients with eAIN had more severe AKI as reflected by a higher peak serum creatinine (3.3 (IQR 2.1-6.1) vs 1.4 (1.2-1.9) mg/dL, p<0.001) but exhibited lower mortality than those without eAIN in univariable analysis (HR 0.43 (95% CI 0.21 to 0.89)) and after adjusting for demographics, comorbidities, and cancer type and severity (adjusted HR 0.44 (95% CI 0.21 to 0.93)).
conclusionIn patients treated with ICI, mortality was higher in those with AKI unrelated to ICI but lower in those where the underlying etiology was AIN. Future studies could evaluate the association of biopsy-proven or biomarker-proven AIN with mortality in those receiving ICI therapy.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.