ArticleJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology2022
Prognostic Value of Stromal Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Young, Node-Negative, Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients Who Did Not Receive (neo)Adjuvant Systemic Therapy.
Article in Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- Automated scoring methods for quantitative interpretation of Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in breast cancer: a systematic review.BMC cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Predictive Markers of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- T-cell immune checkpoint inhibition plus hypomethylation for locally advanced HER2-negative breast cancer: a phase 2 neoadjuvant window trial of decitabine and pembrolizumab followed by standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Trial
- Neoadjuvant nivolumab or nivolumab plus ipilimumab in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer: a phase 2 adaptive trial.Nature medicine · 2024Trial
- Computational reactive-diffusive modeling for stratification and prognosis determination of patients with breast cancer receiving Olaparib.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Combining histological grade, TILs, and the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway to identify immunogenic tumors and de-escalate radiotherapy in early breast cancer: a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2023Trial
- The Dutch Nationwide Pathology Databank and its central role in health research.Journal of pathology informatics · 2026Article
- The MHCII Immune Activation Score predicts risk of recurrence and benefit of taxanes in Basallike and HER2-enriched breast cancer.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Machine learning-based identification of high-risk triple-negative breast cancer patients despite pathological complete response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Article
- Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Molecular Subtypes; Immune Escape; Limitations of Current Immunotherapy; and the BTLA/HVEM/CD160 Axis as an Emerging Target.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- The contribution of rare germline variants to the immune landscape of breast cancer.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- Personalized survival prediction in young Asian American breast cancer.Gland surgery · 2026Article
- New Perspectives in the Management of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Breast care (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Stromal tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and TNBC-DX provide complementary prognostic information in triple-negative breast cancer.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy in triple-negative breast cancer: from mechanistic exploration to clinical translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Rapid relapse in triple-negative breast cancer: clinical patterns, platinum resistance, and implications for clonal evolution.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Spatial immune biomarkers in triple-negative breast cancer: emerging evidence, technology trade-offs, and barriers to clinical translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Pathological complete response and survival after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage I TNBC: a registry-based study.ESMO open · 2025Article
- Stand-alone Transcriptional Immune Response Prediction in Primary Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Cancer research communications · 2025Article
- AAnet Resolves a Continuum of Spatially Localized Cell States to Unveil Intratumoral Heterogeneity.Cancer discovery · 2025Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
36 authors at 17 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTriple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is considered aggressive, and therefore, virtually all young patients with TNBC receive (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy. Increased stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) have been associated with a favorable prognosis in TNBC. However, whether this association holds for patients who are node-negative (N0), young (< 40 years), and chemotherapy-naïve, and thus can be used for chemotherapy de-escalation strategies, is unknown.
methodsWe selected all patients with N0 TNBC diagnosed between 1989 and 2000 from a Dutch population-based registry. Patients were age < 40 years at diagnosis and had not received (neo)adjuvant systemic therapy, as was standard practice at the time. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks were retrieved (PALGA: Dutch Pathology Registry), and a pathology review including sTILs was performed. Patients were categorized according to sTILs (< 30%, 30%-75%, and ≥ 75%). Multivariable Cox regression was performed for overall survival, with or without sTILs as a covariate. Cumulative incidence of distant metastasis or death was analyzed in a competing risk model, with second primary tumors as competing risk.
resultssTILs were scored for 441 patients. High sTILs (≥ 75%; 21%) translated into an excellent prognosis with a 15-year cumulative incidence of a distant metastasis or death of only 2.1% (95% CI, 0 to 5.0), whereas low sTILs (< 30%; 52%) had an unfavorable prognosis with a 15-year cumulative incidence of a distant metastasis or death of 38.4% (32.1 to 44.6). In addition, every 10% increment of sTILs decreased the risk of death by 19% (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.81; 95% CI, 0.76 to 0.87), which are an independent predictor adding prognostic information to standard clinicopathologic variables (χ
conclusionChemotherapy-naïve, young patients with N0 TNBC with high sTILs (≥ 75%) have an excellent long-term prognosis. Therefore, sTILs should be considered for prospective clinical trials investigating (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy de-escalation strategies.
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