Trial reportAlimentary pharmacology & therapeutics2022
The effect of gluten in adolescents and young adults with gastrointestinal symptoms: a blinded randomised cross-over trial.
Trial report in Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04639921 (Non Celiac Gluten Sensitivity, a Double Blind Placebo Controlled Food Challenge With Cross-over in Healthy Danish Adolescents), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Non Celiac Gluten Sensitivity, a Double Blind Placebo Controlled Food Challenge With Cross-over in Healthy Danish Adolescents
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- European Consensus on Functional Bloating and Abdominal Distension-An ESNM/UEG Recommendations for Clinical Management.United European gastroenterology journal · 2025Guideline
- Impact of Acute and Sub-Acute Gluten Exposure on Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Psychological Responses in Non-Coeliac Gluten Sensitivity: A Randomised Crossover Study.United European gastroenterology journal · 2025Trial
- The effect of gluten in adolescents and young adults with gastrointestinal symptoms: a blinded randomised cross-over trial.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2022Trial
- Fermentation in breadmaking: enhancing digestibility and nutritional value for gastrointestinal health.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Molecular Triggers of Non-celiac Wheat Sensitivity: A Scoping Review and Analysis.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- A gluten-free diet for endometriosis patients lacks evidence to recommend it.AJOG global reports · 2024Article
- Does sourdough bread provide clinically relevant health benefits?Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
- Diet associations in endometriosis: a critical narrative assessment with special reference to gluten.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe popularity of the gluten-free diet and sales of gluten-free products have increased immensely.
aimsTo investigate whether gluten induces gastrointestinal symptoms, measured by self-reported questionnaires, as well as mental health symptoms in adolescents from a population-based cohort.
methodsThe eligible participants (n = 273) were recruited from a population-based cohort of 1266 adolescents and had at least four different gastrointestinal symptoms. Phase one (n = 54) was a run-in phase where the participants lived gluten-free for 2 weeks. If they improved they continued to phase 2 (n = 33), a blinded randomised cross-over trial. Participants were blindly randomised either to start with 7 days of gluten, eating two granola bars containing 10 g of gluten or to 7 days on placebo, eating two granola bars without gluten, followed by the reverse and separated by a 7-day washout period. The effects of the intervention on gastrointestinal symptoms and mental health symptoms were assessed.
resultsIn total, 54/273 participants entered the run-in phase and 35 were eligible for randomization. A total of 33 were randomised and 32 completed the trial. The median age was 20.3 (IQR 19.2-20.9) and 32/33 participants were females. Compared with a placebo, gluten did not induce gastrointestinal symptoms. The difference in the average VAS was -0.01 (95% confidence interval -2.07 to 2.05). Nor did we find a difference in the outcomes measuring mental health.
conclusionCompared with placebo, adding gluten to the diet did not induce gastrointestinal symptoms or worsened mental health in adolescents recruited from a population-based cohort. The trial registration number is NCT04639921.
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