ArticlePharmaceutical research2022
Converting Tretinoin into Ionic Liquids for Improving Aqueous Solubility and Permeability across Skin.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Improved Dual-Modality Bioequivalence Evaluation of Topical Formulations Within Human Skin Using Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Topical Therapy in Psoriasis: Clinical Benefits, Advances in Novel Drug Delivery Strategies, and Gene Therapy Regimen.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Design Principles and Applications of Ionic Liquids for Transdermal Drug Delivery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe aim of this study is to convert tretinoin (Tr), an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), into ionic liquid for improving aqueous solubility and permeability of Tr in transdermal drug delivery applications.
methodsThree ionic liquids of Tr (TrILs) were synthesized through neutralization reactions, which were characterized to confirm the compositions and ionic interactions. The in vitro drug release studies and skin penetration tests were carried out to assess the performance of formulations containing TrILs.
resultsThe TrIL formed by choline and Tr at the molar ratio of 2:1 (2[Ch][Tr]), was found to have prominent solubility, stability as well as permeability. In contrast with the insoluble Tr, 2[Ch][Tr] presented as clear and transparent aqueous solution even after diluted to 14%. The aqueous solution of 2[Ch][Tr] demonstrated better permeation effect, of which the solution with 20% of 2[Ch][Tr] showed the optimal delivery efficiency in both epidermis (2.09 ± 0.18‰) and dermis (3.31 ± 0.48‰), realizing the improvement on the permeability of API. Meanwhile, TrILs can be easily fabricated as o/w emulsions as transdermal formulation. The emulsions are also able to improve the skin permeability of Tr, though the enhanced effect is inferior to TrILs solutions.
conclusionsIonic liquid technology can be used to improve solubility and permeability of Tr, providing a high potential strategy for the development of topical formulations and the desired transdermal application of drugs.
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