ArticleBMC veterinary research2022
Factors contributing to the swimmer puppy syndrome found in Labrador retrievers.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Swimmer puppy syndrome, pectus excavatum, and cardiac dextroposition in two American Akitas: management and successful long-term outcome.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Rapid functional recovery in a Golden Retriever puppy with swimmer puppy syndrome following early conservative management including loose-loop technique: a case report.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Accelerated early weight gain of neonatal puppies from overweight bitches compared to lean dams in spite of similar milk macronutrient composition.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- A successful outcome in four puppies sustained swimmer puppy syndrome.Veterinary research communications · 2024Article
- A questionnaire-based investigation of the swimming puppy syndrome: 115 dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSwimmer puppy syndrome is a disease found in neonatal puppies mainly characterized by the inability to stand, but its direct cause is unknown. Since swimmer puppies were observed infrequently but continuously among the Labrador retriever colony at the Hokkaido Guide Dogs for the Blind Association in Japan, based on their birth record and pedigree, factors related to the onset of swimmer puppy syndrome in Labrador retrievers were examined.
resultsThe total number of offspring over seven years was 436, of which 16 were swimmer puppies. Most of the affected puppies except one recovered steadily. As for the swimmer puppies, the litter size was significantly lower, and the body weights on the 10th and 28th day after delivery were significantly higher than the non-symptomatic puppies. These results suggested that the onset may be related to weight gain in the neonatal stages due to a small litter size. According to the genetic analysis, 26 ancestors common to the affected individuals were confirmed, but the causative individual could not be identified with the inbreeding coefficient. The heritability of the swimmer-puppy onset trait was 0.80, and the heritability for the the 10
conclusionsIn this study, the onset of swimmer puppy syndrome in the Labrador retrievers was associated with litter size and early weight gain, and result of study suggests that genetic influence might be involved.
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