ArticleBMC public health2022
The perceived effects of COVID-19 pandemic on female genital mutilation/cutting and child or forced marriages in Kenya, Uganda, Ethiopia and Senegal.
Article in BMC public health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of infectious disease outbreaks and violence against women and girls: changes in magnitude, mechanisms and lessons for the future.BMJ global health · 2026Pooled it
- The impact of economic growth and recessions on maternal and child health outcomes in sub-Saharan African countries: a systematic literature review.Reproductive health · 2025Pooled it
- Social clustering of preference for female genital mutilation/cutting in south-central Ethiopia.Nature human behaviour · 2025Article
- Digital tracking of girls exposed to community led alternative rites of passage to prevent female genital mutilation/cutting, and child, early and forced marriages in Kenya: a longitudinal study.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2025Article
- Comparison of FGM prevalence among Nigerian women aged 15-49 years using two household surveys conducted before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Female genital mutilation: trends, economic burden of delay and basis for public health interventions.International journal for equity in health · 2024Article
- The need for and acceptability of a curriculum to train nursing and medical students in the sexual healthcare of clients with female genital mutilation/cutting in Tanzania.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- COVID-19 and Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting and child marriage: An online multi-country cross sectional survey.PloS one · 2024Article
- Health and economic implications of the ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on women and children in Africa.Reproductive health · 2023Article
- Drivers of child marriage in specific settings of Ethiopia, Indonesia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia - findings from the Yes I Do! baseline study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Vulnerability to violence against women or girls during COVID-19 in Uganda.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Qualitative perspectives on COVID-19, interpersonal violence, and interventions to improve well-being from adolescent girls and young women in Kisumu, Kenya.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2023Article
- Quality of services offered to women with female genital mutilation across health facilities in a Kenyan County.BMC health services research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe effects of COVID-19 on harmful traditional practices such Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) and Child or Forced Marriages (CFM) have not been well documented. We examined respondents' perceptions on how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected FGM/C and CFM in Kenya, Uganda, Senegal, and Ethiopia.
methodsA cross-sectional study design with a mixed methods approach was used. Data collection on participants' perceptions on the effects of COVID-19 on FGM/C and CFM took place between October-December 2020. Household surveys targeting women and men aged 15-49 years in Kenya (n = 312), Uganda (n = 278), Ethiopia (n = 251), and Senegal (n = 208) were conducted. Thirty-eight key informant interviews with programme implementers and policymakers were carried out in Kenya (n = 17), Uganda (n = 9), Ethiopia (n = 8), and Senegal (n = 4).
resultsIn Kenya, the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the increase in both FGM/C and CFM cases. Minimal increase of FGM/C cases was reported in Uganda and a significant increase in CFM cases. In Ethiopia, the COVID-19 pandemic had a limited perceived effect on changes in FGM/C and CFM. In Senegal, there were minimal perceived effects of COVID-19 on the number of FGM/C and CFM cases. The pandemic negatively affected implementation of interventions by the justice and legal system, the health system, and civil societies.
conclusionsThe pandemic has had varied perceived effects on FGM/C and CFM across the four countries. Generally, the pandemic has negatively affected implementation of interventions by the various sectors that are responsible for preventing and responding to FGM/C and CFM. This calls for innovative approaches in intervening in the various communities to ensure that women and girls at risk of FGM/C and CFM or in need of services are reached during the pandemic. Evidence on how effective alternative approaches such as the use of call centres, radio talk shows and the use of local champions as part of risk communication in preventing and responding to FGM/C and CFM amid COVID-19 is urgently required.
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