ArticleBMC oral health2022
Cephalometric measurements performed on CBCT and reconstructed lateral cephalograms: a cross-sectional study providing a quantitative approach of differences and bias.
Article in BMC oral health, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Comparison of conventional two-dimensional and digital three-dimensional imaging in orthodontics : A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2026Pooled it
- Can artificial intelligence-driven cephalometric analysis replace manual tracing? A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of orthodontics · 2024Pooled it
- Capabilities of Cephalometric Methods to Study X-rays in Three-Dimensional Space (Review).Sovremennye tekhnologii v meditsine · 2024Pooled it
- Accuracy of automated 3D cephalometric landmarks by deep learning algorithms: systematic review and meta-analysis.La Radiologia medica · 2023Pooled it
- Accuracy of 3D radiological skull measurements: reoriented sections and geometric correction versus caliper reference.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Article
- 2D-to-3D: Predicting three-dimensional (3D) cephalometric measurements from two conventional X-ray images : From 2D to 3D with a computational tool without using computed tomography.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2026Article
- Paediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing: Pharyngeal Airway and Lymphoid Tissues in Risk Assessment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Effect of Maxillary Expansion and Protraction in Class III Children on Quality of Life, Dentofacial and Upper Airway Characteristics: A Controlled Clinical Trial.Orthodontics & craniofacial research · 2026Article
- Clinical accuracy of cephalometric analysis using deep learning-based automated landmark identification on CBCT in class I and class II malocclusions.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Lateral Cephalometric Radiography: Principles, Common Positioning Errors, and AI-Driven Quality Control.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Automatic identification of anatomical landmarks in three-dimensional computed tomography/cone-beam computed tomography: a scoping review.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2026Review
- Adaptation and validation of the Wylie cephalometric analysis for three-dimensional assessment of canine occlusion in Labrador retrievers.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Three-dimensional evaluation of pulp chamber volume and dimensions across skeletal and dental malocclusions using CBCT: a retrospective cross-sectional study.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Review
- Reliability and reproducibility of CBCT assessment of craniomaxillary changes before and after treatment for Class III growing patients - a cautious or critical approach.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Age Estimation from Lateral Cephalograms Using Deep Learning: A Pilot Study from Early Childhood to Older Adults.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Evaluating the precision and reproducibility of cephalometric landmarks in locally reconstructed lateral cephalometric radiographs from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Differences in the Size and Morphology of Masseter Muscle and Mandible Assessed Using Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2025Article
- The association of third molars with mandibular incisor crowding in a group of the Yemeni population in Sana'a city: cone-beam computed tomography.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Comparison of Skeletal, Dental, and Soft Tissue Changes Before and After Orthodontic Treatment in Patients with Congenitally Missing Bilateral Maxillary Lateral Incisors.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCephalometric analysis is traditionally performed on skull lateral teleradiographs for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. However, the skull flattened over a 2D film presents projection distortions and superimpositions to various extents depending on landmarks relative position. When a CBCT scan is indicated for mixed reasons, cephalometric assessments can be performed directly on CBCT scans with a distortion free procedure. The aim of the present study is to compare these two methods for orthodontic cephalometry.
methods114 CBCTs were selected, reconstructed lateral cephalometries were obtained by lateral radiographic projection of the entire volume from the right and left sides. 2D and 3D cephalometric tracings were performed. Since paired t-tests between left and right-side measurements found no statistically significant differences, mean values between sides were considered for both 2D and 3D values. The following measurements were evaluated: PNS-A; S-N; N-Me; N-ANS; ANS-Me; Go-Me; Go-S; Go-Co; SNA, SNB, ANB; BaŜN; S-N^PNS-ANS; PNS-ANS^Go-Me; S-N^Go-Me. Intraclass correlation coefficients, paired t-test, correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman analysis were performed to compare these techniques.
resultsThe values of intra- and inter-rater ICC showed excellent repeatability and reliability: the average (± SD) intraobserver ICCs were 0.98 (± 0.01) and 0.97(± 0.01) for CBCT and RLCs, respectively; Inter-rater reliability resulted in an average ICC (± SD) of 0.98 (± 0.01) for CBCT and 0.94 (± 0.03) for RLC. The paired t-tests between CBCT and reconstructed lateral cephalograms revealed that Go-Me, Go-S, PNS-ANS^Go-Me and S-N^Go-Me measurements were statistically different between the two modalities. All the evaluated sets of measurements showed strong positive correlation; the bias and ranges for the 95% Limits of Agreement showed higher levels of agreement between the two modalities for unpaired measurements with respect to bilateral ones.
conclusionThe cephalometric measurements laying on the mid-sagittal plane can be evaluated on CBCT and used for orthodontic diagnosis as they do not show statistically significant differences with those measured on 2D lateral cephalograms. For measurements that are not in the mid-sagittal plane, the future development of specific algorithms for distortion correction could help clinicians deduct all the information needed for orthodontic diagnosis from the CBCT scan.
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