ReviewClinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology2022
Establishing subclasses of childhood eczema, their risk factors and prognosis.
Review in Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Machine learning-derived asthma and allergy trajectories in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Pooled it
- Child characteristics, household, and home environmental factors associated with eczema: a cross-sectional study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Untangling the Complexity of Childhood Atopic Dermatitis: Phenotypes and Endotypes.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Developments in the Management Strategies for Allergy: Advances in Artificial Intelligence and Future Perspectives.Anti-inflammatory & anti-allergy agents in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Identification of hub genes contributing to acute eczema using transcriptome sequencing and machine-learning approaches.BMC medical genomics · 2025Article
- The Janus face of Bifidobacterium in the development of atopic eczema: A role for compositional maturation.Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology · 2025Article
- Artificial intelligence in pediatric allergy research.European journal of pediatrics · 2024Review
- Eczema in early childhood increases the risk of allergic multimorbidity.Clinical and translational allergy · 2024Article
- Neonatal Vitamin D and Associations with Longitudinal Changes of Eczema up to 25 Years of Age.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Association between dietary antioxidants intake and childhood eczema: results from the NHANES database.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Article
- Identification of eczema clusters and their association with filaggrin and atopic comorbidities: analysis of five birth cohorts.The British journal of dermatology · 2023Article
- Burden of Disease and Unmet Needs in the Diagnosis and Management of Atopic Dermatitis in Diverse Skin Types in Australia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Establishing subclasses of childhood eczema, their risk factors and prognosis.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe heterogeneity of development and progression of eczema suggests multiple underlying subclasses for which aetiology and prognosis may vary. A better understanding may provide a comprehensive overview of eczema development and progression in childhood. Thus, we aimed to determine longitudinal eczema subclasses based on assessments and identify their associations with risk factors and allergic outcomes.
methodsA total of 619 participants with a family history of allergic disease were assessed at 24 time-points from birth to 12 years. At each time, eczema was defined as the report of current rash treated with topical steroid-based preparations. Longitudinal latent class analysis was used to determine eczema subclasses. Subsequent analyses using regression models assessed the associations between eczema subclasses and potential risk factors and allergic outcomes at 18- and 25-year follow-ups (eczema, allergic rhinitis, asthma and allergic sensitization).
resultsWe identified five eczema subclasses 'early-onset persistent', 'early-onset resolving', 'mid-onset persistent', 'mid-onset resolving' and 'minimal eczema'. Filaggrin null mutations were associated with the early-onset persistent (OR = 2.58 [1.09-6.08]) and mid-onset persistent class (OR = 2.58 [1.32-5.06]). Compared with 'minimal eczema', participants from early-onset persistent class had higher odds of eczema (OR = 11.8 [5.20-26.6]) and allergic rhinitis (OR = 3.13 [1.43-6.85]) at 18 and at 25 years eczema (OR = 9.37 [3.17-27.65]), allergic rhinitis (OR = 3.26 [1.07-9.93]) and asthma (OR = 2.91 [1.14-7.43]). Likewise, mid-onset persistent class had higher odds of eczema (OR = 2.59 [1.31-5.14]), allergic rhinitis (OR = 1.70 [1.00-2.89]) and asthma (OR = 2.00 [1.10-3.63]) at 18 and at 25 years eczema (OR = 6.75 [3.11-14-65]), allergic rhinitis (OR = 2.74 [1.28-5.88]) and asthma (OR = 2.50 [1.25-5.00]). Allergic and food sensitization in early life was more common in those in the persistent eczema subclasses.
conclusionWe identified five distinct eczema subclasses. These classes were differentially associated with risk factors, suggesting differences in aetiology, and also with the development of allergic outcomes, highlighting their potential to identify high-risk groups for close monitoring and intervention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.