ArticleAppetite2022
A content analysis of sports and energy drink advertising.
Article in Appetite, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Energy Drink Consumption Among Adolescents in Northern Spain: Habits, Risk Perception and Associated Factors.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Associations between exposure to digital food marketing and food consumption in adolescence: a cross-sectional study in an emerging country.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The Review on Adverse Effects of Energy Drinks and Their Potential Drug Interactions.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Perceived healthiness of sugary drinks and related social norms among adults in five countries: evidence from the International Food Policy Study.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Proposal and Validation of a Measurement Scale of the Acceptance of Ultra-Processed Food Products.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Junior athletes' nutritional demands: a narrative review of consumption and prevalence of eating disorders.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Athletes Drink Gatorade: DMA Advertising Expenditures, Ad Recall, and Athletic Identity Influence Energy and Sports Drink Consumption.Health communication · 2023Article
- A Content Analysis of Persuasive Appeals Used in Media Campaigns to Encourage and Discourage Sugary Beverages and Water in the United States.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Urban Youth Perceptions of Sports and Energy Drinks: Insights for Health Promotion Messaging.Health education journal · 2023Article
- Soft and energy drinks consumption and associated factors in Saudi adults: a national cross-sectional study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Knowledge, attitude, and perception of energy drinks consumption among university students in Jordan.Journal of nutritional science · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This study identifies constructs from key persuasion theories that are present in popular sports and energy drink advertising. A theory-driven content analysis was conducted on 315 popular television and social media sports and energy drink advertisements from top selling brands. The advertisements were analyzed for the presence of persuasive cues as per the Elaboration Likelihood Model (e.g, onscreen consumption, presence of celebrities) as well as Reasoned Action behavioral expectancies and normative beliefs Approach related to consumption. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Differences between sports and energy drinks were assessed and reliability statistics for all codes were calculated. Advertisements relied on peripheral cues like sports and celebrities that were not related to the drinks themselves. Theory-relevant beliefs about improved athletic performance and consumption of the drinks onscreen were common. Sports drinks were more likely to focus on mainstream sports; energy drinks featured extreme sports, and energy drink advertisements promoted the drinks for use beyond sports (e.g., work settings). The cues and beliefs identified in these ads help to clarify the role of advertising in beliefs about sports drinks being healthy and energy drinks being helpful to achieve goals. Future research is needed that links exposure to coded advertisement features to adolescents' beliefs about sports and energy drinks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.